Bulk Density by Tap Density Analysis

Bulk Density Introduction: Bulk density is defined as the mass of the many particles of the material divided by the total volume they occupy. It is not an intrinsic property of a material; it can change depending on how the material is handled. Determination of Tapped Densities is a method to determine the bulk densities...

Scope: ASTM C773 is used to select whiteware materials for the manufacturing of products. It is important to know the strength of the Whitewares for quality control and the selection process. Whitewares include a lot of different products—dinnerwares, sinks, toilets, dental implants. Procedure: There are two procedures available in ASTM C773 for the measure of...

Specular X-ray Reflectivity (XRR) Specular X-Ray Reflectivity (XRR) is a surface sensitive analytical technique that utilizes monochromatic X-ray beam reflection at a specular angle, to study material surfaces, ultra-thin films and multilayered structures. The term specular reflection means that the reflected angle of the X-ray beam is equal to its incident angle. The intensity of...

Viscosity Viscosity is a fluid property that describes its internal resistance to shear stresses. The Viscosity of a fluid is characterized by its resistance to flow. Viscosity is a material property of fluids and is influenced by factors such as molecular structure, intermolecular forces, fluid composition as well temperature and pressure. Knowledge of Dynamic and...

Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) Total Reflection X-rays Fluorescence (TXRF) utilizes total reflection of a known wavelength of primary X-Rays, to reduce background scatter and noise in the secondary emission (Fluorescence) from a targeted sample surface. This technique increases the intensity of the desired spectrum of Secondary X-Rays emitted by analyte atoms on the surface...

Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) generates secondary ions from the surface of a sample by bombardment with a focused beam of high energy primary ions and then performs Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry of the secondary ions . These secondary ions are formed from the atoms and molecules...

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatographic technique in which the stationary phase is a thin adsorbent layer, coated onto an inert supporting plate. An eluting (or development) solvent, for which the analyte molecules have affinity, forms the mobile phase that ascends the thin layer of the stationary phase, by capillary action....

What Is Titrimetry? Titrimetry — also called volumetric analysis — is a classical quantitative analytical technique in which a solution of known concentration (the titrant) is gradually added to a solution of unknown concentration (the analyte) until a chemical reaction between them is complete. The volume of titrant consumed at the endpoint of the reaction...

Introduction A combined analytical discipline, Thermogravimetric Analysis with Evolved Gas Analysis (TG-EGA), investigates thermal decomposition and gas release over the temperature spectrum. In a TG-EGA experiment, a sample is heated in a controlled manner, and its mass is monitored as loss (TG) cooled. The gases emitted are analyzed (EGA) using FTIR or mass spectrometry. This...

What Is Tensiometry? Tensiometry is the measurement of surface tension and interfacial tension — the forces acting at the boundary between two phases (liquid-gas, liquid-liquid, or liquid-solid interfaces). Surface tension governs the behaviour of liquids at interfaces, controlling phenomena such as wetting, spreading, foam stability, emulsification, and capillary flow. Tensiometry is an essential analytical technique...

Real Time X-ray (RTX) Real time x-ray is a non-destructive technique of conducting X-Ray imaging of a test subject while it is in motion or in operation. X-Rays are transmitted through the test object and the shape, density and dimensional characteristics of the internals are imaged, using appropriate shading. An RTX system typically comprises an...

Scanning Electron Microscopy- Cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) SEM-Cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) microscopy is based upon the characteristic Cathodoluminescence (CL) from a solid material, when excited by high-energy electron bombardment from a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Cathodoluminescence can be explained by the band theory, in which electron populations in solids are confined to discrete energy bands, ranging from Valence to...

Rheology Rheology deals with time-dependent material deformation and flow under stress. Rheological testing investigates the elastic, viscous and viscoelastic behaviour and properties of materials, under various shear and temperature conditions. Rheology tests can be done for a range of materials including liquids, semi-solids, gels, emulsions, suspensions, dispersion, slurries, polymer melts and solids. Rheological properties are...

Introduction: Residual Gas analysis (RGA) is commonly performed on hermetically sealed microelectronic devices to detect moisture and other damaging volatile or gaseous compounds in the device cavity. We analyze the residual gases released upon controlled heating of a pierced hermetic device using residual gas analysis mass spectrometry. Scope of Residual Gas Analysis (RGA) Engineers use...

Refractometry (Refractometry)

$Refractometry$

Refractometry Refractometry is an optical technique, primarily used to determine the concentration of a solute dissolved in liquid, based on the refraction of light through the solution. The refractive index of a solution varies with the concentration of the solute, attributable to interactions between the transmitted light and solute molecules, as well as optical density...

Raman Spectrometry (Raman) Raman Spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique that uses the wavelength shift of light scattered (Raman shift) from molecules in a sample, to characterize them. When light of known wavelength is inelastically scattered by matter, the wavelength shift (or frequency shift) of the scattered photons is different from the incident photons. The...

Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Pyro-GC-MS) Pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Pyro-GC-MS) is applied to samples whose high molecular weight or lack of volatility make Gas Chromatographic separation impractical. Pyro-GC-MS utilizes controlled thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) to break-up large molecules into smaller fragments that can be separated and analyzed in a coupled Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Controlled pyrolysis is...

Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) is an analytical method used for quantifying and depth profiling of some light elements and isotopes in the surface and near surface regions of solid materials. In the NRA technique, an ion beam using light projectile nuclei of known mass and energy, impinges upon nuclei of the...

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) is used for the compositional analysis of organic materials. NMR utilizes the fact that certain atomic nuclei have magnetic moments and can interact with externally applied magnetic fields. These typically have odd mass numbers, such as 1H, 13C, 19F, 29Si, 15N. When subjected to a...

Nanoindentation for Nano-mechanical Testing (Nanoindentation) Nanoindentation is a proven method for conducting mechanical indentation tests on very small samples (Nano-mechanical Testing). Conventional indentation testing instruments do not measure micro-forces, or displacements and indentation areas at micron or nanometer scale. Nanoindentation testing involves the use of high-precision instruments as well as analytical software. The Nanoindentation technique...

What Is MALDI? Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization mass spectrometry technique that enables the analysis of large, fragile, and non-volatile molecules—including polymers, proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, and synthetic macromolecules—without significant fragmentation. The technique was developed independently by Franz Hillenkamp, Michael Karas, and Koichi Tanaka in the late 1980s; Tanaka shared the 2002...

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a laser based spectroscopic compositional analysis method. In the LIBS technique, a highly energetic laser beam is used as an excitation source, to optically breakdown and generate plasma within the target area of a sample. The plasma, upon cooling, emits light at wavelengths that...

Laser Diffractometry (Laser Diffraction) Laser Diffractometry is an optical technique that uses diffraction patterns for particle size analysis of suspensions, colloidal dispersions, dry powders and aerosols. The scattering of an incident laser beam, by particles dispersed in a suitable medium, yields characteristic interference patterns that depend on the size of the particles involved. The intensity...

Scope: ASTM E824-10 is highly significant for the calibration of field radiometers employing standard reference radiometers. It is also useful for cosine and azimuth correction analyses. Traceability shall have been established if a parent instrument in the calibration chain participated in an international Pyrheliometric Comparison (IPC) was conducted at the World Radiation Center (WRC) in...

Scope: ASTM E816-05 test method covers the calibration of pyrheliometers compared to reference pyrheliometers. It uses only sunshine to apply calibration procedures. The measurements obtained from this method are utilized for quality control, safety assurance, performance evaluation, and research purposes. The specifications and working capabilities of the materials can be determined. This helps specify their...

Scope: Fluorspar is used as a flux in the steel and glass industries and in the production of hydrofluoric acid. ASTM E815 – 11 ensures that calcium fluoride content meets compositional criteria. All users of these techniques are expected to be qualified analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures competently and safely. Procedure: After the...

Scope: Liquid chlorine may contain trace levels of CCl4 and CHCl3. When chlorine is used to purify water, these chemicals are transferred to the water. When the concentrations of CCl4 and CHCl3 in liquid chlorine are known, the maximum amounts of chlorine that can be added to the water may be approximated. Procedure Using a...

ASTM E794−06 Test Scope: ASTM E794 – 06 is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research. The fusion and crystallization temperatures of crystalline materials can be determined quickly using differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermal analysis. ASTM E794−06 Test Procedure ASTM E794 – 06 entails heating a test specimen at a regulated rate through...

Scope: E793 – 06 is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research. Differential scanning calorimetry is a quick way to determine the enthalpy changes that accompany first-order material transitions. Procedure The temperature region of fusion or crystallization is reached by heating a test specimen at a regulated rate in a controlled environment. The heat...

Scope: When subjected to high temperatures, thermocouples produced from thermocouple cable that has been polluted by moisture or other impurities may experience significant changes in thermoelectric qualities or fail catastrophically. Manufacturers and users of mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed thermocouples or thermocouple cables use ASTM E780 – 06 to verify the measured insulation resistance values to meet the...

What Is ASTM E756-05? ASTM E756-05 is the standard test method for measuring the vibration damping properties of materials. It defines procedures for determining the loss factor (η) and Young’s modulus (E) of damping materials—typically viscoelastic polymers, elastomers, coatings, and composite laminates—as functions of temperature and frequency using a beam specimen test configuration. Damping measurement...

Scope: The ASTM E738-11 test method is used for analyzing iron ore concentrates and agglomerates and is primarily intended to serve as a referee method for ensuring that compositional parameters are met. Procedure: A mixed flux of sodium carbonate and sodium peroxide is employed to fuse the sample in a zirconium crucible. The fused mass...

Scope: ASTM E736 test method purpose is to identify an SFRM property that can be utilized to determine its in-place serviceability. Procedure: A metal or plastic cap with a hook is used to determine cohesion/adhesion. An appropriate adhesive is used to secure the cap on the SFRM. Manually increasing load is applied as measured by...

Scope: This ASTM E680-79 test method is applicable to all testing that concentrates on establishing a relative sensitivity scale for hazardous materials. This test is also important in testing the process thickness samples. The normalized H50 results are useful in assessing the vulnerabilities related with the manufacture, transportation, storage, and use of hazardous materials. Procedure...

Scope: This ASTM E662-14 test method is only useful for research and development purposes, not for regulatory rating purposes. Under the specified exposure conditions, it can determine the optical density of smoke generated by solid material specimens and assemblies. Procedure: In this test procedure, an electrically heated radiant energy source is installed within an insulated...

Scope: ASTM E648 is useful in assessing one of the characteristics of fire exposure behavior for floor-covering systems. This test method is also suitable for regulatory statutes, specification acceptance, design purposes, development, and research. The test is also important for samples of floor-covering systems that follow standard installation procedures. Procedure: The radiant heat energy source...

Scope of ASTM E647 -13a : To determine the impact of fatigue crack propagation on component life when subjected to cyclic loads. The data is created in a realistic environment and combined with statistics on fracture toughness. To set material selection and inspection guidelines damage-tolerant applications must meet certain requirements. Procedure This ASTM E647 test...

ASTM E646 − 07 Test Scope: In a uniaxial tension test, this test method is useful for finding the strain at the commencement of necking. In practice, it serves as an empirical criterion for assessing the relative importance of various factors comparable to metallic systems’ stretch formability. ASTM E646 − 07 Test Procedure The decreased...

Scope: ASTM E644−11 test techniques provide uniform procedures for evaluating industrial resistance thermometers. They allow a tester to expect the same test result value from making the same number of tests within the same test piece. Procedure: The analytical procedures appear in the following sections: TEST METHOD SECTION Insulation Resistance Test 5 Thermometer Calibration 6...

Scope: The deformation of a ball punch is a regularly used test to assess and evaluate the formability of metallic sheet materials. The most common mode of deformation is biaxial stretching. Stretching is the primary method of formation in these tests. Procedure As a lubricant, commercially available petroleum jelly is used only. The specific surface...

Scope: This test method should be performed to establish whether a preservative or preservative system can be utilized to preserve water-containing cosmetics. Routine microbiological procedures are used to determine the antimicrobial activity of preservatives in formulations. Procedure The bacterial cultures are grown on the proper slants using a sterile inoculum. The development from each culture...

Scope: ASTM E637 – 05 aims to give a standard computation of an aerodynamic simulation device’s stagnation enthalpy using heat transfer theory and measured stagnation point heat transfer and pressure measurements. For ablation calculations, the stagnation enthalpy acquired using this test method provides a consistent set of data and heat transfer and stagnation pressure. Procedure...

Scope: ASTM E618 – 07 can be used to evaluate a particular grade or type of metal’s machining performance or to compare one type to another. Only at operating circumstances that generate test pieces of comparable quality in terms of surface roughness and dimensional limits for comparable lengths of machining time can the relative machining...

ASTM E606/E606M Test Scope: ASTM E606/E606M – 12 can be used for hourglass specimens and is related to temperature and strain rate. The test technique can also guide testing in more general situations, such as when strain or temperature varies depending on the application’s history. Mechanical design, materials research and development, process and quality control,...

Scope: In ASTM E605 – 93, features like density and thickness are fundamental in Sprayed Fire-Resistive Material test. ASTM E605 – 93 is designed to give ways for determining these qualities. The test methods are carried out in both the laboratory and the field. Procedure A thickness gauge, scales, steel rules, and templates are used...

Scope: In research and development, ASTM E604 – 83 is helpful to assess the effects of metallurgical variables like composition, processing, or heat treatment. It is also helpful in fabricating procedures like forming and welding on the dynamic rip fracture resistance of new or existing materials. To determine the suitability of a material for a...

Scope: ASTM E601-07a test method covers the emf properties of base-metal thermoelements. The stability and reliability of materials can be determined. The platinum’s temperature gradient, velocity, thermoelectric inhomogeneity, and stability can be determined through this method; this aids in quality control, performance evaluation, and research. Procedure: The thermoelement junction is prepared by welding the junctions...

Scope: ASTM E598-08 test method covers the determination of heat transfer rates of solids. The heat flux is measured, and the changes in the heat transfer rates of solids are determined when placed in different gaseous environments. The results obtained help in the performance evaluation, quality control, and research. The applications can be specified, which...

Introduction ASTM E596-96 describes the standard laboratory test method for measuring noise reduction furnished by sound-isolating enclosures. This standard procedure describes how the enclosure is rated for its effectiveness in noise reduction. It usually comes into play when performance measurements on enclosures around machinery, equipment, and other noise sources are done in a controlled laboratory...

ASTM E595 Test Introduction: The ASTM E595-07 test method determines the total mass loss, collected volatile condensable materials, and the amount of water vapor regained when exposed to a vacuum. This method applies to various ASTM E595 epoxy, organic, polymeric, and inorganic materials. SI units are to be the standard of measurement. Applications of ASTM...

Scope: ASTM E581-10 test method covers the testing of iron by the 1,10-Phenanthroline Photometric method, Manganese by the Tetraacetic Acid, and Phosphorous by the Molybdivanadophosphoric Acid Extraction Photometric Method. The stiffness of the material, recovery of the deformed portion, strain calculation, functioning, product assessment, transformation temperatures, quality control, specification acceptance, and research are dealt with...

Chiral HPLC chromatogram separating enantiomers of pharmaceutical compound

Scope: ASTM E579-04 test method determines the limit of detection of a fluorescence substance by using the technique of molecular fluorescence spectroscopy. It helps with specifying the application of fluorescence materials. The data obtained can be used for research, quality control, and performance evaluation. The readings are taken with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio to...

Scope: ASTM E578-07 test method covers the performance properties of the fluorescence measuring systems. The limits of the linearity response are determined with respect to the range of concentration of a fluorescence substance. The stiffness of the material, recovery of the deformed portion, strain calculation, functioning, product assessment, transformation temperatures, quality control, specification acceptance, and...

Scope: ASTM E572-13 test method is appropriate for quality control in the production process as well as ensuring that the product satisfies specifications. It performs multi-element determinations quickly and accurately enough to ensure product quality. Procedure: High energy X-rays are bombarded on the test specimen. Crystals distribute the secondary X-rays that are created. At specific...

Scope: The importance of this method lies in accurately calibrating the transducer, as well as the related electronics, reading, and recording devices. The results of the calibration can be utilized to make mechanical or electrical changes until the readout matches the calibration input. Procedure: In ASTM E556-11, the test wheel and hitch are subjected to...

Scope: THE ASTM E576-08 test method can be used under real-world or simulated in-service situations. One side of the unit is exposed to room temperature and the other to natural or simulated weather conditions. Procedure: This test is carried out with the help of a unique apparatus that consists of two cold cylindrical metal blocks...

Scope: ASTM E561-10 keeps track of the toughness of a fracture as it is stably driven under increasing applied stress intensity factor K. The K-R curve can be matched with the crack driving curves for an untested shape to predict the degree of stable crack extension and the conditions required for unstable crack propagation. Procedure:...

Scope: Sodium chloride is a naturally occurring substance. It is a vital component of the human diet as well as a source of various salt compounds and chlorine. ASTM E534 – 13 test method explains how to analyze sodium chloride to see if it’s acceptable for its intended usage. Procedure: ASTM E534 – 13 test method...

Scope: This test technique helps identify potentially dangerous reactions, such as those involving volatile compounds, and calculate the temperatures and enthalpies of these reactions (heats). This test technique is indicated as an early test for determining the thermal risks of a chemical compound or combination that has not been characterized. Procedure: A sample of the...

Scope: These test techniques for the chemical analysis of zinc metals and alloys are primarily designed to serve as referee procedures for determining whether materials meet compositional standards. Procedure: The solution is buffered, and disodium (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetate (EDTA) is added after the material is dissolved in hydrochloric acid. Standard zinc solution is used to titrate...

Introduction ASTM E517-00 is a standard test method for determining the plastic strain ratio, otherwise known as the “r-value,” of sheet metal. This measure describes the material’s plastic deformation capability, generally in deep drawing and forming processes. The r-value represents the spread of sheet metal when a tensile force is applied and is one of...

Scope: The goal of this test method is to make measuring a radiant heat flux easier. The sensor is used to detect heat fluxes from either mixed radiative-convective or pure convective sources, the uncertainty grows as the convective portion of the overall heat flux grows. Procedure: Most of the heat energy absorbed at the surface...

Scope: This test technique is designed to serve as a check for impurity content conformity with compositional criteria. It is assumed that the work would be done in a fully equipped laboratory with suitable waste disposal processes in place. Procedure: With the addition of a little quantity of HNO3, the sample is dissolved in HCl....

Scope: It is designed for routine production control and chemical composition assessment to ensure material specification compliance. This method’s analytical performance data can be used as a benchmark to see if similar X-ray spectrometers produce comparable precision and accuracy. Read more: ASTM E385 Oxygen Content Using a 14-MeV Neutron Activation and Direct-Counting Technique Procedure: After...

Scope: ASTM E545-14 test method is intended to provide quantitative data on neutron beam and image system parameters that affect film exposure and, as a result, overall image quality. It can be used to check the neutron radiography quality on a day-to-day basis. Procedure: In ASTM E545, the evaluation of pictures obtained from indicators that...

Scope: ASTM E 507-13 is considered as a referee method for compliance with compositional specifications for impurity content. It is often performed by trained analysts who perform common laboratory practices skillfully and safely. It is also expected that it is performed in a highly equipped laboratory, and a proper waste disposal system is to be...

Scope: ASTM E502 – 07 is of great significance as the flashpoint determines the response of the sample to heat and flame under controlled conditions. It is a significant property as it assesses the overall flammability hazard of a material. Flash point is also used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible...

Scope: ASTM E478 – 08 is of great significance as it is considered as a reference method to test materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is often performed by trained specialists who are capable of performing laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. Procedure: The analytical procedures appear in the following sections: Test Method Section Aluminum...

Plastic specimen undergoing tensile strength testing on universal testing machine

Scope: ASTM E477-13 is a highly significant method for the determination of the acoustical and airflow performance of duct liner materials. For example, duct silencers are used to control sound propagation through ventilation ducts. It can be used to estimate the reduction in fan sound levels in ducted airflow systems caused by including a sound-attenuating...

Scope: ASTM E475 – 10 is highly significant for the assay of Di-tert-Butyl Peroxide as it is a widely used catalyst. This test method provides a procedure for measuring the active peroxide content of a commercial di-tert-butyl peroxide reaction initiator. Therefore, it is of great importance. Procedure: A sample is first mixed with water in...

Scope: ASTM E 471–96 is a highly preferred method in measuring the density profile of ablative materials. This technique can be highly efficient if the char can be machined off in a plane parallel to the char-virgin material, and the total thickness of the char and degradation zone must be larger than the machining thicknesses...

Scope: ASTM E465 – 11 is a highly significant method as it is used in compliance with compositional specifications for manganese dioxide. This method is performed by trained analysts, who perform common laboratory practices skillfully and safely. Therefore, it is of great significance. Procedure: By Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate, the sample is first mixed in a...

Scope: ASTM D6975 – 04 test method is established to determine the engine oil performance to manage the wear of the engine as well as deposits under intense operating conditions selected to speed up soot generation, valve train wear and deposit formation in a turbocharged, aftercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation...

Scope: ASTM E463 – 09 is a highly significant method as it is used as a reference method for compliance with compositional specifications for impurity content. This method is performed by trained analysts, who perform common laboratory practices skillfully and safely. Therefore, it is of great significance. Procedure: The sample is fused with anhydrous sodium...

Introduction The shear stability of fluids containing polymer is assessed using the ASTM D7109-12 standard testing method. Shear stability defines the fluid’s ability to resist shear forces and the associated mechanical destruction. It represents the tendency to counteract changes in Viscosity. Scope ASTM D7109-12 test method for evaluating the shear stability of polymer-containing fluids determines...

Scope: The standard test method ASTM D7105-06 covers the procedure to measure the force required to separate the components of a roofing or waterproofing membrane system. The measured force acts normal to the plane of the membrane. The separation can be adhesive or cohesive depending upon the magnitude of adhesive and cohesive strengths of the...

Introduction ASTM D7093-13 is the standardized test for evaluating the formability of thin-film organic coatings applied to steel. The values stated are in SI units. This standard is particularly relevant in industries where coated steel undergoes significant forming operations, such as bending, drawing, or stretching, as part of manufacturing. Scope of ASTM D7093-13: The formability...

Scope: Rust creepage areas at scribe on painted/coated on flat test panels caused by corrosive environment are measured using the ASTM D7087-05a standard test method. This method covers procedures involving the use of visual imaging software for identifying the area damaged by rust creepage at the scribe. ASTM D7087-05a is a simple and easy-to-use method....

Scope: ASTM D7035-10 method is used where area sampling is required and the presence of airborne particles in inhalable or respirable fractions needs monitoring and control. It uses ICP-AES for analysis, which requires expertise in the interpretation of spectral and matrix interferences and knowledge of procedures for their correction. The method covers alternative methods for...

Scope: Empty paper corrugated shipping containers are put to the test. A compression load is applied vertically for a given time period, and the resistance of the test container to the applied load is determined by the procedure defined by ASTM D7030-04. Pelletized/unitized loads can also be tested. Testing is done keeping in mind that...

Scope: ASTM D7029-09 covers standard procedures to evaluate the gelation and exotherm curves of polyesters and vinyl ester resins. The “Standard 180 °F (82 .2 °C) Exotherm Curve” is obtained using this test method. On mixing with initiators, polyester and vinyl ester resins undergo polymerization. ASTM D7029-09 helps determine the reactivity of the polyester and...

Scope: ASTM D7028-07 test method defines the procedure to evaluate the dry and wet transition temperature (Tg) for polymer matrix composites. The polymer matrix composites contain high modulus, 20 GPa fibers that are analyzed using the dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). Experimental parameters, apparatus used, and the physical property measured affect the glass transition temperature. This...

Scope: ASTM D6991-05 test method defines the procedure for measuring internal stresses of organic coatings by the cantilever (beam) method. When the elasticity of substrate (Es) is much greater than the elasticity of coating (Ec), the cantilever method for determining internal stresses is found to be suitable. The method is also appropriate where the thickness...

Scope: ASTM D6943-10 immersion testing establishes procedures for evaluating the resistance of industrial protective coatings to immersion in chemicals. Test Procedure: Method A: Evaluation of specimens under conditions of constant temperature at atmospheric pressure (without a thermal gradient). Method B: Evaluation of specimens under conditions that provide a temperature gradient across the sample: The temperature...

Scope: The test method provides a detailed procedure to use the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) technique to measure the titanium treatment weight on a variety of metal substrates. The measurement of titanium treatment coating weights by WDXRF methods is based on the combined interaction of the titanium coating and the substrate with an intense...

Scope: ASTM D6905-03 describes the procedure to measure the ability of a coating film and its substrate to withstand defects caused by physical impact. This method determines the resistance of the coating to cracking, shattering, etc. This practice is useful in predicting the performance of the organic coating. Test Procedure: The organic coating to be...

Scope: ASTM D6903-07 method covers the released rate of organic biocide from an antifouling coating exposed in substitute ocean water. Biocide release rates vary over the life of the coating system depending on the formulation and the physical and chemical properties of the environment. Analytical procedures determine the release rate of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-Octylisothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT), zinc and...

Scope: ASTM D6902-04 measures the amount of evaluated formaldehyde from a coating containing melamine-formaldehyde resins. The intention is to give reproducible comparative laboratory evaluation and not duplicate the evolved formaldehyde from an industrial process. The catalyzed coating systems that cure at or below 40°C are disapproval of this method. Test Procedure: A 0.2 g coating...

Scope: ASTM D6875-12 method applies to pure compounds only, as impurity concentrations lower the solidification point. The method determines the solidification points of most organic chemicals having appreciable heats of fusion and temperature between 4 and 41°C. Test Procedure: ASTM D6875-12 methods require a cooling medium to achieve a solidification point between 4 to 30°C....

Scope: ASTM D6869-03 method determines moisture in most plastics. Plastics containing volatile components interfere with the Iodine/water reaction. High moisture content causes surface imperfections or degradation by hydrolysis. Low moisture content causes polymerization. ASTM D6869-03 method is suitable for measuring moisture over the range of 0.005 to 100 %. Test Procedure: Sample is heated to...

Scope: The ASTM D6866-12 method produces gaseous samples from electrical utility boilers and waste incinerators with carbon-based components. These standard test methods are used and practiced in laboratories to trace the primary carbon isotope standards, and the stated uncertainties are valid. Test Procedure: There are three methods to perform this test:- Method A uses CO2...

Scope: The ASTM D6855-12 method compares the intensity of light scattered by the sample with the intensity of light scattered by a reference suspension. It uses a Nephelometer to trace turbidity in water. Test Procedure: ASTM D6855-12 method uses a photoelectric Nephelometer to emit light on a sample containing particulate material; how the sample interferes...

Scope: ASTM D6845-12 T Test method used for surface area measurement of particle size. This method is used in the silica and rubber industries. Determination of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide adsorption – CTAB (adsorption of large molecules, which cannot enter microspores; it gives information about the effective outer surface that is accessible for rubber molecules) Test Procedure:...

Scope: ASTM D6844-10 test method characterizes silanes of the type bis-(triethoxysilyl-propyl) sulfane by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Test Procedure: In this test method, a sample of the silane is analyzed by HPLC to determine the polysulfide distribution. Sulfur Chain Distribution calculations are performed using the response factors for the individual silane (sulfur chain length)....

Scope: ASTM D6843-10 method covers the characterization of silanes of the type bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl) sulfanes by gas chromatography. Test Procedure: In this ASTM D6843-10 method, a sample of the silane is analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the amount of additional, volatile components. The peak areas in the chromatogram data are used for analysis calculation. The...

Scope: ASTM D6834-02 test method estimates the ability of a pump dispenser to seal when the packaging is held under a vacuum. It evaluates the seal between the pump dispenser and the container neck. Test Procedure: In ASTM D6834-02 two methods performed for product leakage tests are (a) with vibration testing and (b) without vibration...

Scope: ASTM D6979-18, Polyether polyols, and polyether polyol blends used in urethane processes can be tested using this method. This test method is appropriate for quality assurance, specification testing, and research. The results are used to estimate reactivity and are measures of batch-to-batch homogeneity. A polyol’s percent nitrogen can describe it or identify the proportions...

Scope: The ASTM D6437 test method is important in determining the alkaline number of Polyols with the help of titration. This test method is important to get accurate readings at different sample concentrations. It defines a standard to control the quality and measure uniformity of these Polyols. It characterizes the Polyols found in polyurethane products...

Introduction The ASTM D6226-21 test method details the construction of cellular plastics from membranes and polymer walls separated by small cavities or cells. It helps determine different types of cells and their numerical volume and provides accurate measurements of highly open-celled materials. The final results of this test method are expressed in SI Units. Scope...

Scope: The ASTM D6099-18 test method determines the acidity of aromatic isocyanates and polyurethanes. This test method is essential for getting accurate readings at different sample concentrations. It defines a standard to control the quality of aromatic isocyanates. It characterizes aromatic isocyanates and moderate to high-acidity prepolymers and is applicable for research. The acidic content...