Scope:
ASTM C146 is used to identify whether the composition of the glass sand meets the specification required in the manufacturing of a glass product. This test is not the standard for the analysis of glass sand but it’s a quick and accurate method used for routine analysis.
ASTM C146 is used in the analysis of high-silica sands containing more than 99% silica and high-alumina sands containing 12 to 13% alumina. It is a quick and accurate way to determine the amount of silica, peroxides, titania, zirconia, iron oxide, and chromium oxide present in the glass sand. High-alumina sands contain 5 to 6% alkalis and alkaline earths. This test determines the amount of alkalies by flame photometry and the amount of alkaline earths by absorption spectrophotometry.
Test Procedure:
ASTM C146 determines the quantity of a targeted chemical in the Glass Sand. A single test cannot determine the quantity of every single chemical present in the Glass Sand. Different methods are used in the analysis of different chemicals.
Methods For Referee Analysis
- Silica by the Double Dehydration Method
- Peroxides by Ammonium Hydroxide Precipitation
- Iron Oxide by the 1,10-Phenanthroline Method
- Titania by the Tiron Method
- Alumina by CDTA Titration
- Zirconia by the Pyrocatechol Violet Method
- Chromium Oxide by the 1,5- Diphenylcarbohydrazide Method
Methods For Routine Analysis
Routine analysis methods for ASTM C146 testing includes methods used for quick and routine analysis of Glass Sands. Results are sufficiently precise and accurate.
- Silica by the Single Dehydration Method
- Aluminum Oxide, Calcium Oxide, and Magnesium Oxide by Atomic Absorption
- Sodium Oxide and Potassium Oxide by Flame Emission Spectroscopy
Specimen size:
The laboratory sample used for ASTM C146 testing should be 10 to 20 g in weight which will be grounded in a mortar to pass the No. 100 sieve. Laboratory samples containing large particles will be sieved out and crushed so that they can pass through the No. 100 sieve.
Data:
The quantity of the targeted chemicals present in the Glass Sand is reported.
Conclusion:
ASTM C146 covers the chemical analysis of glass sands. It helps meet specification requirements in the manufacturing of glass.
