Ceramics

Scope: ASTM C773 is used to select whiteware materials for the manufacturing of products. It is important to know the strength of the Whitewares for quality control and the selection process. Whitewares include a lot of different products—dinnerwares, sinks, toilets, dental implants. Procedure: There are two procedures available in ASTM C773 for the measure of...

ASTM C33 Method for Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates Scope: ASTM C33 Method determines the requirements for grading and quality of fine and coarse aggregate (other than lightweight or heavyweight aggregate) for use in concrete Fine and coarse aggregate use in concrete that will be subject to wetting, extended exposure to the humid atmosphere or...

Scope: Lead and cadmium are harmful heavy metals that are used for a variety of occupational purposes. The release of these elements from foodware is regulated by many countries. To regulate these metals, ASTM C1466 is used because it provides precise and accurate results, and the test is easy to conduct. This test involves 24-h...

Scope: ASTM C1300 determines the thermal expansion of glaze frits by the interferometric method. Interferometry is a technique in which waves are superimposed to cause the phenomenon of interference, which is used to extract information. Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change its shape, area, volume, and density in response to a change...

Scope: ASTM C949 is used for determining whether a ceramic has been properly fired (matured). Some degree of penetration is acceptable for the use or commercial quality of the item being tested. However, penetration of any extent may negate the usefulness of the ceramic.  Test Procedure: In ASTM C949, unglazed fragments of vitreous whiteware products...

Scope: The Knoop indentation hardness is determined in ASTM C849 to characterize ceramic whitewares. Attempts have been made to determine tensile strength, grinding speeds, and other hardness scales using Knoop indentation hardness but to no avail. Such calculations are limited in scope and should be used with caution, except for special cases where a reliable...

Scope: Specimens of ceramic whitewares possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies. Resonance frequencies depend upon the mass, elastic moduli, and geometry of the test specimen, and knowledge about these parameters helps to calculate the resonance frequency of a material. Resonance frequency values can be used to calculate elastic properties. Dynamic Young’s modulus is determined using the...

Scope: Density, porosity, and specific gravity indicate the degree of maturation of a ceramic body. They are used to determine structural properties which may be required for certain applications.  Test Procedure: In ASTM C373, the test specimens are dried to constant mass by heating in an oven for a minimum of 24 h. They are...

Scope: Dinnerware is washed after every meal with soaps and detergents. This can lead to the deterioration of overglaze decoration. It is crucial to determine how resistant these overglaze decorations are for quality control and design. This ASTM C556 standard is mainly used to evaluate overglaze decorations of dinnerware for domestic use, wherein household soaps...

Scope: The glaze is an impervious layer of a vitreous substance that has been fused to a ceramic body through firing. Firing introduces residual stresses in the ceramic. In addition, ceramic whiteware also faces thermal stresses in service. Therefore, glazed whiteware should be resistant to repeated abrupt thermal changes. Inadequate resistance to thermal shock leads...

Scope: Crazing is the phenomenon that produces a network of fine cracks on the surface of glazed whiteware. ASTM C424 test method determines how resistant a ceramic specimen is to crazing by using an autoclave. This method is particularly useful for porous materials that can exhibit moisture expansion. This test is used in specifications, quality...

Scope: Ceramic glaze is an impervious coating of a vitreous substance that has been fused to a pottery body through firing. The glaze is used to color, decorate or waterproof a ceramic. ASTM C738 covers the standard procedures to determine the amount of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from glazed ceramic surfaces. The...

Scope: Gloss is the shine or luster on a smooth surface. ASTM C584 is used for establishing specular gloss limits for bright, semi-mat, and mat glazed surfaces. The appearance of gloss is a result of several attributes including specular gloss. Therefore, specular gloss measurements do not always correlate well with visual rankings of glossiness. However,...

Scope: ASTM C408 test method provides information useful for understanding and quantifying parameters such as thermal shock resistance and the ability to conduct or dissipate heat. Test Procedure: In ASTM C408, the specimen is positioned in the apparatus and soldered to the thermodes. The system is closed and evacuated to 1 µm of mercury. The...

Scope: Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change its shape, area, volume, and density in response to a change in temperature. In the ASTM C372 test method, the measurement of thermal expansion is used to predict stress within materials under non-uniform temperatures. This test can also be used as an indicator of phase...