Semiconductors include diodes and transistors having properties somewhere between the conductors and non-conductors. Elemental semiconductors are silicon and germanium which form the integral circuits. Semiconductors are crucial to anything that is computerized or uses radio waves and are primarily used in electronic devices, such as chips.
Semiconductors can be elemental as well as compounds such as gallium arsenide or cadmium selenide. They are widely used in laser diodes, solar cells, and microwave-frequency integrated circuits. A semiconductor industry is concerned with the design and fabrication of semiconductors and is considered to be a viable business. It acts as a backbone of the electronics industry and tech industry.
ASTM International provides various standards for the proper production and distribution of semiconductors. The test method, specification, classification, practice, guide, and terminology standards are covered under it. In order to ensure safety and better quality of the electronic equipment, ASTM International has developed a number of standards critical to semiconductor materials used in various industries.
ASTM E572 test method covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (WDXRF). It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality.
The ASTM D2674 test is a standard test method for the analysis of sulfochromate etch solutions used in the surface preparation of aluminum. The ASTM D2674 standard specifies a method for determining the efficacy of an etchant used to prepare the surface of aluminum alloys for subsequent adhesive bonding.
An immunological method for quantization of Hevea Natural Rubber (HNRL) proteins using rabbit anti-HNRL serum. Rabbits immunized with HNRL proteins react to the majority of the proteins present, and their sera have the capability to detect most if not all the proteins in HNRL.
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