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Cryo-TEM is a form of Transmission Electron Microscopy in which the polymer and nano-crystal samples are kept at cryogenic conditions, minimizing radiation damage and preventing water crystallization. It is used in structural biology for studying biomolecules in their hydrated state. Infinita Lab, USA enables our clients in the USA and worldwide to do the Cryo-TEM test at our network testing labs.
Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy
Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) is a technique that uses a focused high energy electron beam transmitted through a thin (~ 50-100 nm) sample under cryogenic conditions, to produce highly magnified images (resolutions of ~4 A0) on a fluorescent screen or digital imaging system.
Cryo-TEM was originally developed for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution, but is also being extended to novel applications in material sciences, including soft polymers and nano-crystals. Biomolecules can be observed in their native hydrated states by rapid cooling that arrests any movement during the freezing process. To achieve this, the aqueous sample is plunged into liquid Ethane, to prevent crystallization of water. This retains the water in amorphous form (vitreous water). Temperatures can go down to as low as 4 K and liquid Nitrogen or Liquid helium can also be used for cooling, instead of Ethane. Observing sensitive biomolecules at cryogenic temperatures also prevents radiation damage that can occur due to the high energy electron beam.
Cryo-TEM is a valuable research tool in various biological fields and is also being increasingly used in other industries dealing with novel materials.
Common Uses of Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM)
Advantages of Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM)
Limitations of Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM)
Industrial Applications of Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM)
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The main difference between cryo-EM and TEM is that in cryo-EM the specimen is prepared by using a flash or jet freezing of liquid or suspension. This enables the specimen to be viewed under the microscope without the need for fixating or straining aids. In TEM, the specimen is fixed in place by chemical fixation or staining agents.
o Research at the molecular level in botany, biotechnology, and zoology. o Research and development of next generation soft polymers. o Studies of protein structures. o Studies of cell structure and organelles as well as macromolecule complexes. o Studies on nano-crystals.
Conventional EM techniques require the specimen to undergo chemical fixation, staining, and dehydration. This is not the case in cryo-EM, where the specimen is preserved in its natural hydrated state.
ASTM E572 test method covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (WDXRF). It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality.
The ASTM D2674 test is a standard test method for the analysis of sulfochromate etch solutions used in the surface preparation of aluminum. The ASTM D2674 standard specifies a method for determining the efficacy of an etchant used to prepare the surface of aluminum alloys for subsequent adhesive bonding.
An immunological method for quantization of Hevea Natural Rubber (HNRL) proteins using rabbit anti-HNRL serum. Rabbits immunized with HNRL proteins react to the majority of the proteins present, and their sera have the capability to detect most if not all the proteins in HNRL.
ASTM G65 measures the resistance of metallic materials to abrasion using the dry sand/rubber wheel apparatus. The quality, durability, and toughness of the sample are determined using this test. Metallic materials are ranked in their resistance to scratching abrasion under a controlled environment.
ASTM E2141 test methods provide accelerated aging and monitoring of the performance of time-dependent electrochromic devices (ECD) integrated in insulating glass units (IGU). This test helps to understand the relative serviceability of electrochromic glazings applied on ECD.
ASTM C724 test method is used in analyzing the quality and ease of maintenance of a ceramic decoration on architectural-type glass. This test method is useful in the acknowledgment of technical standards.
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