ASTM D1822 Tensile Impact Testing for Plastic Materials
The Tensile impact energy of plastics or electrical insulating materials is determined by Standard Method ASTM D1822. Specimens are subjected to high-speed tensile load using a swinging pendulum and anvil apparatus. The rupture energy is expressed in kilojoules (kJ) or kJ/m2 .
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- Overview
- Scope, Applications, and Benefits
- Test Process
- Specifications
- Instrumentation
- Results and Deliverables
ASTM D1822 Tensile Impact Testing Overview
ASTM D1822 is a standardized test method for determining the tensile impact resistance of plastics under high-speed loading conditions. It evaluates the energy required to rupture a specimen under a sudden tensile force.
Unlike bending-based impact tests, ASTM D1822 applies load in the tensile direction, making it suitable for materials that cannot be easily notched or tested in flexural configurations. It is commonly used to assess brittle behavior and impact toughness of plastic materials.
Scope, Applications, and Benefits
Scope
ASTM D1822 is employed to determine the tensile impact strength of rigid and flexible plastics and electrical insulating materials. The test procedure provides information on the material’s properties under sudden tensile loading.
ASTM D1822 evaluates:
- Tensile impact rupture energy of plastics
- Material resistance to sudden tensile loading
- Energy absorption capacity before failure
- Brittleness and toughness characteristics
- Comparative impact performance of materials
Applications
- Plastic pipes and fittings
- Electrical insulation for cables and wires
- Packaging materials
- Building and construction components
- Transportation and automotive parts
- Consumer and industrial plastic products
Benefits
- Provides standardized tensile impact energy values
- Assists in material selection for impact-resistant applications
- Enables comparison between plastic materials
- Supports product design and performance evaluation
- Improves understanding of brittle and ductile behaviour
Test Process
Specimen Preparation & Setup
Dumbbell-shaped specimens are prepared and classified as Type S (short) or Type L (long).
1Pendulum Acceleration
The specimen is clamped into the swinging pendulum and accelerated toward the anvil.
2Tensile Impact Loading
Sudden stopping of the pendulum generates tensile stress, leading to specimen rupture.
3Data Recording & Verification
Rupture energy is measured and recorded for each specimen.
4Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Applicable Materials | Rigid and flexible plastics, electrical insulating materials |
| Specimen Types | Type S (short) and Type L (long) |
| Specimen Length | 63.5 mm |
| Gauge Length | 9.53 mm for Type L specimens |
| Cross-section Area | Required for kJ/m² calculation |
| Minimum Specimens | At least 10 per test condition |
| Pendulum Capacity | ~2.7 J (Type S), ~21.7 J (Type L) |
| Conditioning Standard | ASTM D618 |
| Conditioning Conditions | 23°C ± 2°C, 50% ± 5% RH |
| Conditioning Time | Minimum 40 hours |
| Test Environment | Ambient or specified temperature |
| Measured Outputs | Rupture energy (J), impact strength (kJ/m²) |
Instrumentation Used for Testing
- Tensile impact testing machine
- Swinging a pendulum with a hammer
- Anvil and yoke assembly
- Specimen clamping fixtures
- Energy measurement system
- Calibration and verification equipment
Results and Deliverables
- Tensile impact rupture energy values
- Energy per unit area results
- Comparison between Type S and Type L specimens
- Failure behaviour observations
- Compliance report
Frequently Asked Questions
The ASTM D1822 test determines the impact energy necessary to fracture a plastic specimen with a high-speed pendulum, as the material properties are not suited for Izod or Charpy impact tests.
Plastics behave in different manners when subjected to rapid loading compared to slow loading. ASTM D1822 addresses rate-sensitive behavior by specifying brittleness or toughness in sudden impacts that cannot be well-represented in tensile tests.
ASTM D1822 is widely used in the automotive, safety products, consumer electronics, and packaging sectors, where plastic components must withstand sudden impacts or accidental drops without cracking, splintering, or failing.
ASTM D1822 calls for small dog-bone specimens that are either Type S or Type L specimens. These specimens can be removed from molded plaques or finished parts as long as they meet the requirements of the standard.
ASTM D1822 is appropriate for a thin or flexible plastic material that cannot be notched. This test is applicable when the traditional Izod or Charpy test is not feasible.
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