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Introduction ASTM F3039 is a test method that provides specifications for determining leaks in nonporous packages using the dye penetration technique. This test is widely adopted in manufacturing industries to ensure that sealed packages maintain integrity. Verifying breaches or weak points within packages ensures quality, sterility, and safe products at all stages of supply chains....
Scope: ASTM D1829 covers two procedures to determine electrical resistance—insulation resistance and volume resistivity—of ceramic insulating materials at elevated temperatures between 100 and 500 °C. Insulation resistance and volume resistivity can indicate contamination in the insulator and provide data required in designing insulating devices for high temperatures. In electrical systems, insulators provide mechanical support to...
Introduction The ASTM E10 test method uses the Brinell indentation hardness principle to determine the Brinell hardness of metallic materials. This test method provides information about metallic materials related to their tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, etc. Scope: The ASTM E10 Brinell hardness test is an indentation hardness test that can provide helpful information about...
Introduction What is ASTM E110? ASTM E110 is a standard test method of measuring the hardness of metallic materials with the Rockwell Hardness Test. From the test, the amount of deformation under a given load is determined, which is the most vital indicator of the type of deformation in metallic materials. The test is quite...
Introduction: The integrity and durability of welded structures are essential in many industries, including construction and aerospace. With this view, testing methods are prepared to check that welds adhere to the performance standards required; one of the most efficient is the ASTM E190 Guided Bend Test. This test assesses welds’ ductility and soundness by subjecting...
Introduction to ASTM E384 Microindentation Hardness of Materials Testing ASTM E384 is a method of testing that is used to determine the microindentation hardness of metallic and nonmetallic materials using precise, small-scale methods of indentation. The test is applicable to materials such as metals, ceramics, composites, thin films, and coatings, where there is minimal test...
Scope: The ASTM E618 standard test is a technique for assessing machining performance of ferrous metals using an automatic screw/bar machine that compares the machining performance of a single grade or kind of metal to another. Machining performance (HPM) is a new way for increasing the efficiency and productivity of machining operations by combining high-speed...
Scope: Based on wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF), ASTM E572 is a straightforward method for analyzing stainless and alloy steel samples. This approach is appropriate for quality control in the production process as well as ensuring that the product satisfies specifications. The analytical performance data is used as a benchmark to see if similar...
Scope: Using beam-end specimens, the ASTM A944 test method outlines procedures for determining the relative bond strength of steel reinforcing bars in concrete. The standard looks at the bonding behavior of reinforcing bars and concrete following a fire. This test method has the advantages of being reliable, simple, low-cost, and easily adaptable for usage in...
Introduction to ASTM F1608 Microbial Ranking of Porous Packaging Materials The ASTM F1608 test method covers the measurement of microbial barrier properties of porous packaging materials used in medical devices. This test determines the ability of a material to resist the penetration of microorganisms, ensuring that sterilized contents remain protected from microbial contamination until use....
Introduction The ASTM C679 is a standard test method used to establish the tack-free time of elastomeric sealants. Tack-free time is the time between applications when an adhesive is no longer tacky, meaning its surface is not sticky when touched under standard test conditions. Hence, It is essential to assess the workability and curing behavior...
Scope: The ASTM C1358 test method applies to advanced ceramic matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement. It could be unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tri-directional (3D), or other multi-directional reinforcements. This test is also applicable to glass (amorphous) matrix composites with 1D, 2D, 3D, and other multi-directional continuous fiber reinforcements. Although ASTM C1358 does not...
Introduction ASTM C1359 test method is designed to evaluate the tensile strength of advanced ceramics when subjected to elevated temperatures. These materials are often used in high-stress, high-temperature environments, making understanding their mechanical performance essential. ASTM C1359 is the procedure for adequately measuring tensile strength to ensure the consistency and reliability of the data acquired...
Introduction In ASTM C1425, a double-notched specimen is compressed at elevated temperatures to determine the interlaminar shear strength of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs). Shear tests offer information on the strength and deformation of materials under shear stresses. Measure the results in SI units. Scope ASTM C1425 calculates the Interlaminar shear strength of advanced ceramics...
Introduction The measurement of transthickness tensile strength (STU) in continuous fiber-reinforced ceramics (CFCC) at room temperature under monotonic uniaxial pushing is covered by ASTM C1468. Advanced ceramic with continuous fiber reinforcement, including woven, tridirectional (3-D), bidirectional (2-D), and unidirectional (1-D), are covered by ASTM C1468. Glass matrix composites containing 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D continuous fiber...
Scope: A shear test provides information about the strength and deformation of materials under shear stresses. ASTM C1469 involves the shear test of joints in Advanced ceramics. Joints enhance the performance and applicability of materials. The joints between similar materials are used for making complex parts and repairing components. The joints between dissimilar materials are...
Scope: ASTM C1773 provides information on the mechanical behavior and strength of CFCC tubes. This information is used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation. CFCCs consist of a ceramic matrix reinforced by ceramic fibers in all directions (1D, 2D, and 3D). They remain stable at extreme temperatures. They are...
Scope: ASTM C1863 determines the ability of a CFCC tube to withstand internal pressure. It is also known as the tube burst test because a pressurized fluid applies pressure to the inner walls until the tube bursts. This test method is used for material development, material comparison, material screening, material down selection, and quality assurance....
Introduction ASTM C1869 determines the open-hole (notched) tensile strength of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite (CMC) at ambient temperature. It determines the effect of a hole (notch) on the tensile strength and stress response of CMCs. The test produces tensile strength data for structural design, material specifications, material development and comparison, material characterization, and quality...
Scope: ASTM C146 is used to identify whether the composition of the glass sand meets the specification required in the manufacturing of a glass product. This test is not the standard for the analysis of glass sand but it’s a quick and accurate method used for routine analysis. ASTM C146 is used in the analysis...
Scope: Glass containers may react with chemicals present in food, beverages, or pharmaceutical products, producing harmful substances that seep into the product. For safe packaging and storage, ASTM C225 determines the reactivity of glass with the chemicals present in the product. Since many products are sterilized for packing, the test specifies autoclave conditions during testing....
Introduction ASTM C429 is used for sieve analysis of glass raw materials. The basic definition of sieving is the separation of fine material from coarse material with the help of a mesh or perforated vessel. The complexity increased with the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the necessity for more complex techniques in the classification...
Introduction What is ASTM C813? ASTM C813 works by determining the contact angle between the glass surface and the particle of hydrophobic contamination. Hydrophobic contaminants are organic molecules attached to the surface of glass. ASTM C813 identifies the layers of the organic molecules by evaluating the contact angle. Organic molecules cause the contact angle of...
Scope: The strength and performance of heat-strengthened and fully tempered glass are greatly affected by the surface and edge stress induced during the heat-treating process. Residual stresses are stresses that remain in a solid material even after the original cause of the stresses has been removed. ASTM C1279 offers a direct, non-destructive way to determine...
Introduction What is ASTM C1901? ASTM C1901 is used to measure optical anisotropy in flat architectural glass. Optical anisotropy is calculated by measuring optical retardation. This test is used to control the quality of end-use transparent glass products. The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. ASTM C1901 Scope This Standard test practice...
Scope: ASTM C147 is used to test glass containers expected to contain products that apply sustained pressure on the inside walls of the containers. This test is used in the selection process, design data generation, and quality control. Test Procedure: Two test methods are used in ASTM C147 to determine the strength of the glass...
Scope: ASTM C1819 is used to determine the Hoop stress and strength of a CFCC tube. Hoop stress is the stress that occurs along the pipe’s circumference when pressure is applied. Hoop stress acts perpendicular to the axial direction. Hoop stresses are tensile and are generated to resist the bursting effect that results when pressure...
Scope: The Leeb hardness test, ASTM A956, is a dynamic or rebound method that determines the Leeb hardness by comparing the rebound velocity to the impact velocity of a tungsten carbide ball or a diamond-tipped impact body. This portable approach is mostly used for determining whether or not a workpiece is sufficiently large. It calculates...
What Is Acoustic Emission Testing? Acoustic Emission (AE) testing is a passive non-destructive testing technique that detects transient elastic stress waves generated within a material when it undergoes deformation, cracking, delamination, or other damage events. Unlike active NDT methods that send energy into a structure, AE testing listens — piezoelectric sensors mounted on the component...
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) uses a highly energetic laser pulse as an excitation source, to optically breakdown, vaporize and convert elements in the sample to plasma state. The amount of sample subjected to breakdown (termed ‘ablation’) and vaporization to plasma, is in the range of nanograms to picograms. The plasma cools, within microseconds and various...
Photo-induced Force Microscopy (PiFM), which combines principles of AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) and IR (infra-red) spectroscopy, allows species identification as well as spatial distribution, at the level of individual molecules. When polarizable molecules in a sample are subjected to incident radiation of varying wavelengths from a pulsed laser source, photo-induced molecular dipoles are created. This...
What Is Small Angle Neutron Scattering? Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) is a powerful analytical technique that uses a collimated beam of neutrons to probe the structure of materials at the nanometre to micrometre length scale. When neutrons pass through a sample, they scatter at small angles due to variations in neutron scattering length density...
The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique utilizes the fact that certain atomic nuclei have magnetic moments related to their spin and mass number. Isotopes of elements having odd mass numbers often have magnetic nuclei. When subjected to an external magnetic field, these magnetic nuclei absorb electromagnetic energy. Maximum energy is absorbed by the nuclei at...
Helium-ion microscopy (HeIM) uses a beam of helium ions generated under high voltage, high vacuum and cryogenic temperatures, from an atom-sized ionization source. Interaction of the helium-ion beam with the sample surface produces ion-induced secondary electrons, which are detected and converted to images. HeIM provides sub-nanometer image resolution levels, significantly superior to standard Scanning Electron...
Overview Tribology—the science of friction, wear, and lubrication—is fundamental to the performance and durability of mechanical systems that involve sliding contact. In situ linear reciprocating high-pressure tribometry enables real-time measurement of friction coefficient and wear rate under controlled contact pressures, sliding velocities, temperatures, and lubrication conditions that closely replicate the most demanding industrial service environments....
Raman Spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique, based on the Raman effect and is used for investigating molecular structures. When light is inelastically scattered by matter, the wavelengths of the scattered photons are different from the incident photons. The wavelength shift (or frequency shift) is related to the molecular vibrations, which are unique to each...
Introduction Adhesion is vital for coatings because it determines their ability to stick to a substrate and adequate performance under different conditions. ASTM D3359 provides a widely used standard method that describes procedures for coating adhesion to a substrate by a tape test. These simple yet effective test methods can be commonly used in quality...
Scope: ASTM D7905 is limited to composites made of unidirectional carbon-fiber and glass-fiber-reinforced laminates. It determines how strong the products are and how suitable a material is for industrial purposes. Therefore, knowing interlaminar fracture toughness is useful for product design, product development, and quality control. One of the most common problems of laminated composites is...
Introduction ASTM E1269 is used to determine the Specific Heat Capacity of a solid and liquid sample by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). DSC is a thermal analysis instrument that measures how a sample’s physical properties change along with its temperature. Scope In ASTM E1269, Differential scanning calorimetric measurements provide a rapid, simple method for determining...
Introduction What is ASTM E606? The ASTM E606 standard test technique uses uniaxial forces to assess the strain-controlled fatigue parameters of supposedly homogenous materials. The same factors that affect force-controlled fatigue also affect the phenomena of strain-controlled fatigue. Further, the test is designed as a manual for fatigue testing inelastic and plastic materials at low...
Introduction The ASTM F1110 provides a reproducible basis for determining the impact of these materials on the corrosion of aluminum alloys most widely used in aerospace applications. Sealants, lubricants, and cleaners are crucial for preserving the integrity and safety of aircraft systems. However, such materials frequently interact with structural members in ways that encourage corrosion,...
Introduction to ASTM C1421 Fracture Toughness Testing at Ambient Temperature The ASTM C1421 test method has been designed to determine the fracture toughness of materials, primarily ceramics and brittle solids, at ambient temperature. Fracture toughness is a property that characterizes a material’s resistance to crack growth under stress. An understanding of this material property is...
Scope: ASTM C1525 quantitatively determines ceramic specimen material’s ability to withstand extreme and rapid changes in temperature by measuring the reduction in transverse rupture strength. The ceramic specimen is exposed to a varied range of temperature through rapid water quenching. However, ASTM C1525 does not test the specimen’s resistance towards steady-state temperature differences and recurring...
Scope: ASTM E3205 test method covers procedures for conducting the small punch deformation test for metallic materials. The results can be used to derive estimates of yield and tensile strength up to 450 °C, and estimates of the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature from the results of small punch bulge tests in the temperature range from -193...
Introduction: ASTM F732 describes a method for wear testing polymeric materials. It provides a well-defined procedure to study the wear resistance of plastics, composites, and other polymer-based materials under various controlled conditions. Tests under different friction and wear conditions give an understanding of the durability and performance of a polymeric material in its application, whether...
What Is ASTM D4964? ASTM D4964 is the Standard Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics, published by ASTM International. The standard provides a procedure for measuring the elongation, tensile strength, and elastic recovery of elastic fabrics — woven, knitted, or braided textile structures that contain rubber, spandex (Lycra), elastane, or other elastic...
ASTM C518 Introduction What does ASTM C518 Mean? ASTM C518 is the standard test method for the steady-state thermal transmittance (U-value) of materials using the heat flow meter apparatus. Furthermore, this method is prevalent in evaluating steady-state thermal conductivity k and thermal resistance or ASTM C518 R value of insulation and other construction materials. ASTM...
Scope: ASTM C562 is used to determine the amount of volatile moisture present on graphite due to adsorption from the atmosphere. It cannot determine the amount of moisture in graphite exposed to liquid water. Values are presented in SI units. Test Procedure: Apparatus in ASTM C518 include a sample holder, an analytical balance, a drying...
Scope: Precoated metal sheets can experience cracking and peeling of coatings, when subjected to rolling, bending or similar deformation during fabrication. The ASTM D4145 test evaluates flexibility and adhesiveness of organic coatings on precoated metallic sheets. The types of damage to coating evaluated by this test are cracking and loss of adhesion, caused by bend...
Scope: Chip Resistance ASTM D3170 determines the chipping resistance of coated surfaces. Coatings such as paints, clear coats, and metallic plating are prone to chipping damage caused by the impact of small pebbles, gravels, or some other flying objects. ASTM D3170 test is designed to produce a controlled amount of impact by the gravels on...
Scope: The standard method ASTM F2101 specifies a test for determining Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) of medical face mask materials. The testing principle is to subject the face side of the mask to an aerosol containing droplets of 3.0-microns size inoculated with Staphylococcus Aureus,at a prescribed flow rate that corresponds to normal human respiration. BFE...
Scope ASTM C1895 is a standardized test method widely used. It determines the Mohs scratch hardness of various hard surfaces like ceramic and glass tiles. They are crucial to industries like construction, manufacturing, and electronics. The Mohs scale is fundamental in material science. It is pivotal in design, manufacturing, and quality control processes. It guides...
Scope: Infra-red spectroscopy uses the fact that molecules in certain solids, liquids, and gases absorb IR radiation at characteristic frequencies. Molecules in a sample can be identified by subjecting test samples to varying frequencies and correlating absorption peaks with a standard database of IR absorption spectra. Converting raw time-domain absorption data into frequency domain spectra...
Scope: ASTM F1921 test used to measure the strength of heat seals formed between thermoplastic surfaces of flexible webs. The seal is quickly measured after it has been created and before it cools to room temperature. This characteristic is significant because such situations often occur on vertical form-fill-seal packaging. The contents are released into the...
Scope: ASTM E2180 test standard is used to quantitatively test the antimicrobial effectiveness of incorporated agents in flat hydrophobic or polymeric materials. Other microorganisms like yeast and fungal conidia can be also determined using this test. To determine the antimicrobial activity, proper contact of microbial to the surface of antimicrobial is essential. It is difficult...
Scope: The standard method ASTM E228 is generally applicable to rigid solids having coefficient of linear expansion (CTE) greater than 0.5 µm/m 0C. The push-rod dilatometry principle involves expansion of heated specimens causing displacement of a push-rod. Sensor mechanisms are employed to record the corresponding linear displacement and temperature. The precision of ASTM E228 is...
Understanding ASTM D7078 ASTM D7078 is the standard test method published by ASTM International for determining the shear properties of composite materials using the V-Notched Rail Shear fixture. The standard provides precise guidelines on specimen preparation, fixture design, testing procedure, and data analysis to ensure consistency and reproducibility across laboratories worldwide. This standard is widely...
The ASTM D6110 Charpy Impact Resistance Test for Notched Specimens of Plastics is a test method for plastics. It is essential to the material science sector. It is especially so when evaluating and choosing plastic materials for different uses. This article explores the points mentioned below: Introduction One common high-strain-rate test is the Charpy impact...
Scope: ASTM D1929 measures the self-ignition temperature and flash ignition temperature of plastics. Self-ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which the sample self-ignites and Flash Ignition Temperature is the lowest temperature at which the sample releases combustible gases. The test results can be used to compare the relative ignition characteristics of different materials, and...
Scope: ASTM D5712 determines the amount of protein in different elastomeric products like gloves, shoes, and tires. The rubber-like properties of these substances are derived from proteins and their structure. If there is a change in type and amount of protein, the physical properties of these substances are changed. The amount of protein present in...
What Is ASTM E324? ASTM E324 is the standard test method for the relative initial and final melting points and melting range of organic chemicals. It defines a standardized capillary tube method for determining the onset (initial melting point) and completion (final melting point) temperatures of organic solid materials—collectively called the melting range. ASTM E324...
Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier Materials ASTM F88 Scope: The ASTM F88 method covers the measurement of the strength of seals in flexible barrier materials. It is conducted on seals between a flexible material and a rigid material. Seals tested may be from any source, laboratory or commercial. ASTM F88 measures the force required to...
Scope: ASTM D6499 quantitatively measures the level of antigenic latex proteins in solution using an inhibition format which detects antigenic proteins. It determines the amount of antigenic protein in Hevea Natural Rubber and its products using rabbit antisera specific for HNRL proteins. Test Procedure: Antigenic Protein determination in Hevea Natural Rubber by ASTM D6499 is...
Introduction The ASTM E1050 test method measures the impedance of acoustic material, along with its sound absorption properties. It provides fundamental data regarding how well a material interacts with a sound wave and other properties, such as the amount of the material that an acoustic sound wave encounters and the amount that is reflected. The...
Scope: Flexural toughness of fiber-reinforced concrete is determined by ASTM C1550. It is expressed as energy absorption in the post-crack range using a round panel supported on the three symmetrically arranged pivots and subjected to a central point load. The performance of specimens tested by Flexural toughness method. It is quantified in terms of the...
Introduction of ASTM E96 Test One of the most well-known standards measuring WVTR of materials, especially for barriers and coatings, is ASTM E96. The method measures how much water vapor passes through a material under temperature and humidity conditions. It is essential in industries such as packaging and aerospace, where this level of moisture control...
Introduction to ASTM D1623 Tensile and Tensile Adhesion Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics Testing ASTM D1623 is the accepted test method for rigid cellular plastics’ tensile and tensile adhesion properties, including most polymer foams in common use. The products are used in the structural insulation, packaging, and transportation markets where tensile performance might be critical...
Introduction ASTM D5946 uses Water Contact Angle Measurements for Corona-Treated Polymer Films. A polymer film’s surface characteristics decide how well it can retain its surface coatings. The contact angle of a water droplet on the polymer film surface indicates its ability to accept and retain surface coatings. Scope Water Contact Angle Measurements by ASTM D5946...
Scope: For product design purposes, the compressive strength of composite materials is a significant property. The combined loading compression (CLC) method using ASTM D6641 is a standard compression test method to determine compressive properties of polymer matrix composite laminates by applying combined end-loading and shear-loading utilizing a combined loading compression fixture. Other polymeric materials can...
ASTM D7264 Flexural Properties of Composites Scope: ASTM D7264 method tests different materials that show different flexural properties according to varying temperatures, strain rate, and sample thickness. Hence it is desirable to evaluate different materials by Flexural properties ASTM D7264 testat varied influences. Flexural strength and rigidness are not basic characteristics of a material. These...
Scope: ASTM D6272 standard measures the impact required to bend brittle plastic materials according to a four-point loading system. This standard test is used for toughened as well as not so toughened materials, including high modulus composites. It is also used for materials that do not show failure within the limits of ASTM D790 (a...
Scope: Structures made using sandwich constructions are susceptible to damage by concentrated out-of-plane forces. Such primary design concerns can be taken care of by knowing the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel. The ASTM D7766 test calculates damage after a quasi-static indentation or a drop-weight impact of sandwich cores (including continuous (foams) and discontinuous...
Scope: ASTM E831 and ASTM D696 test methods change the ambient temperature with a change in the size of an object . The coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (CLTE) measures the rate at which a given material expands as a function of temperature. ASTM E831, ASTM D696 test is important to select thermally stable material...
Scope: The ASTM D3835 test measures the rheological properties of polymeric materials, such as resistance of a material to flow (melt viscosity), thermal stability, and sensitivity at different temperatures over a wide range of shear rates. The shear rate and temperature conditions are equivalent to the conditions met in material calendaring, molding, and extrusion. Result...
Introduction to ASTM D3846 Shear Strength of Reinforced Plastics Testing The ASTM D3846 test method covers the determination of the interlaminar shear strength of reinforced plastics in the form of flat laminates. In this test, a material is subjected to a shear load that creates internal sliding between the layers. The primary applications of ASTM...
Introduction to ASTM D3985 Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR) Testing The ASTM D3985 test method is used for estimating the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) through sheets and films of polymeric materials used as packaging materials. The test method applies to single-layer as well as multi-layer films, coated sheets that are laminated, as well as sheet materials...
Scope: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) determines elastic modulus (or storage modulus, G’), viscous modulus (or loss modulus, G”), and damping coefficient (Tan D) as a function of temperature, frequency, or time. The results are usually determined graphically with G’, G”, and Tan D versus temperature. DMA outlines transition areas in plastics, such as the glass...
Scope: Falling Dart Impact Test by ASTM D4226 and ASTM D5420 is a standard test method in plastic industries for testing impact resistance of flat, rigid plastic materials employing a striker hit by a falling weight. This test is also known as the Gardner impact test. The ASTM D4226 and ASTM D5420 test is needed...
Introduction Accelerated weathering tests are carried out to simulate long-term exposure of materials to adverse environmental factors such as sunlight, humidity, and temperature. They help predict the durability of the materials and how long they can be used in an environment. Test technicians in the automotive, coatings, and plastics industries widely apply accelerated weathering tests....
Scope: Tensile strength ASTM D5766 test method measures the open-hole tensile strength of composite laminates. These multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates are reinforced by high-modulus fibres with a centrally located hole. The hole maintains stable stress concentration. This test is useful for calculating the ultimate strength of the gross cross-sectional area excluding the hole. ASTM D5766...
Scope: Unnotched Izod Impact ASTM D4812 is a single-point test, and it evaluates the resistance of a material to impact from a swinging pendulum. Izod impact is the kinetic energy required to initiate fracture and continue until the test specimen is broken. This test provides a quick and easy quality control check to compare materials...
Scope The ASTM D5379 test method determines plastic material’s heart strain, shear stress, and shear modulus. This test procedure deals with the shear properties of composite materials reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite materials may be continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber-reinforced type composites. The information can be used for study and development purposes concerning interply strength or composite material contrast....
Scope Sandwich flexural test by ASTM D7249 measures the strength (tensile and compressive), stiffness, and shear modulus of various materials. The core materials include multiple surfaces for applications like continuous (foam) and non-continuous (honeycomb) materials. Flexural tests are generally used to determine the flexural strength or modulus of the material. It is analogous to the...
ASTM D638 Test Scope Plastic Tensile Testing by ASTM D638 calculates different tensile properties such as tensile strength, breaking strength, and maximum elongation of reinforced and unreinforced plastics. The standard test samples are made in the form of dumbbell-shaped. The samples are tested under defined pretreatment conditions, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. ASTM D638...
Scope ASTM D695 test method is used to evaluate the compressive properties of rigid plastic materials used in various engineering applications. A plastic material behaves in a certain way when subjected to a compressive load, and this particular behavior defines the compressive properties of that plastic. ASTM D695 test provides compressive strength and modulus as...
Scope: Shear Strength Test by ASTM D732 is used to calculate the load at which a plastic or film punctures when sheared between two metal edges. Shear strength values are significant in designing film and sheet products that are exposed to shear loads, as well as in applications where applied crushing loads are a concern....
What Is Moisture Content Testing in Plastics? Moisture content testing measures the amount of water absorbed by or adsorbed onto a plastic material. Even trace levels of moisture — as low as 0.01% by weight — can significantly degrade the mechanical performance, dimensional stability, and processability of hygroscopic polymers such as nylon (polyamide), polycarbonate, PET,...
Scope: ASTM D789, D4878 tests are used to determine the relative viscosity of polyamide (PA) by Brookfield method. The viscosity of a substance is its resistance to flow and change shape at a given shear rate. The flow behavior of a substance indicates an indirect measure of material consistency and quality. To ensure good quality,...
ASTM D882 Tensile Properties (Sheet) Scope: Tensile Properties by ASTM D882 test is designed to determine the tensile characteristics of plastics as thin sheets and films. Tensile tests measure the force needed to crack a sample and the extent to which the sample stretches or expands to that breaking point. ASTM D882 tests generate a curve...
Scope The ASTM D1002, D5868, and D3163 test methods share a common objective – determining the shear strength of adhesives for bonded materials. However, each method caters to specific material types: D1002: Applicable to evaluating the allocated hardiness of gums used for bonding metallic substrates. D3163: Designed for testing the rationed solidity of adhesives used...
Introduction to ASTM D4459, ASTM D2565, and ASTM G155 Xenon-Arc Accelerated Exposure (XAAE) Testing The ASTM D4459, ASTM D2565, and ASTM G155 test methods are standardized procedures used to evaluate the weathering performance of materials under xenon-arc light exposure in controlled laboratory conditions. The methods simulate natural sunlight, heat, and moisture to determine how materials,...
Introduction to ASTM D3039 Tensile Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials The ASTM D3039 test method is designed to determine the tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced with high-modulus fibers such as glass, carbon, or aramid. Results obtained from this test method include key mechanical parameters, such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, Poisson’s...
Scope: Impact tensile strength is the ability to withstand forces due to sudden tensile loading. It is relevant for many industrial applications of plastics such as pipes, electrical insulation on cables, packaging, building construction, and transportation, where components are prone to damage by events such as collision or dropped objects The ASTM D1822 test method...
Scope: Residual strains in some transparent and translucent plastics can be analysed using photoelastic measurement of birefringence as specified in standard method ASTM D4093. This optical method of analysis of stresses and strains is useful for three-dimensional plastic components manufactured through moulding, casting, extrusion, and welding. Some common causes of harmful residual stress are differential...
Introduction ASTM D5023, Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), is one of the techniques used to evaluate the viscoelastic properties of polymers. The method provides critical information on how plastics behave under dynamic loading conditions regarding stiffness, damping, and temperature dependency. Manufacturers and researchers use this method to assess material performance, optimize formulations, and predict long-term behavior...
Scope: The standard ASTM D6344 describes the apparatus and procedures used to test the robustness of completely filled packaging against low level impacts. Transport packaging is subjected to various impact loads during transportation that place the contents at risk. Packaging for transport involves optimum material selection and package design, to meet cost and strength requirements....
What Is ASTM D6954? ASTM D6954 — Standard Guide for Exposing and Testing Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and Biodegradation — provides a three-tiered test framework for evaluating the degradation behaviour of plastics that are formulated to undergo oxidative degradation (abiotic) followed by biological degradation (biotic) in the environment....
Scope: Shear by Tension Loading ASTM D3164 is used to generate shear strength data for joints. This test is also applicable for comparing adhesive treatments or analysis of surface treatments of plastics. Shear is defined as a sliding failure that happens along a flat surface whereas tension loading is the capacity of a material to...
Scope: Shear Loading evaluation of polymer composite materials using ASTM D3410 provides material data including compressive strength, strain, Poisson’s ratio, and modulus. Combining materials with different properties to prepare composite materials may result in material discord and nonconformance with the standards. Therefore, before using them in real-life conditions, it is important to know about the...
Introduction to ASTM D3518 Shear Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials ASTM test method D3518 covers the in-plane shear properties of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced by high-modulus fibers. Both unidirectional and multidirectional composite laminates fabricated from thermosetting or thermoplastic resin systems can be covered in this test. The primary properties to be determined by...
ASTM E572 test method covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (WDXRF). It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality.
The ASTM D2674 test is a standard test method for the analysis of sulfochromate etch solutions used in the surface preparation of aluminum. The ASTM D2674 standard specifies a method for determining the efficacy of an etchant used to prepare the surface of aluminum alloys for subsequent adhesive bonding.
An immunological method for quantization of Hevea Natural Rubber (HNRL) proteins using rabbit anti-HNRL serum. Rabbits immunized with HNRL proteins react to the majority of the proteins present, and their sera have the capability to detect most if not all the proteins in HNRL.
ASTM G65 measures the resistance of metallic materials to abrasion using the dry sand/rubber wheel apparatus. The quality, durability, and toughness of the sample are determined using this test. Metallic materials are ranked in their resistance to scratching abrasion under a controlled environment.
ASTM E2141 test methods provide accelerated aging and monitoring of the performance of time-dependent electrochromic devices (ECD) integrated in insulating glass units (IGU). This test helps to understand the relative serviceability of electrochromic glazings applied on ECD.
ASTM C724 test method is used in analyzing the quality and ease of maintenance of a ceramic decoration on architectural-type glass. This test method is useful in the acknowledgment of technical standards.
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