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Assays
Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that vary in their chemical composition, physical properties, and refining characteristics. A crude oil assay is a comprehensive analysis of the various components present in a sample of crude oil. It provides information about the quality and quantity of crude oil, which is important for refining and trading purposes.
Video 01: Crude Assay Analysis
A typical crude oil assay involves a variety of tests and measurements that help determine the properties and composition of the crude oil. These tests include the determination of the oil’s specific gravity, viscosity, pour point, flash point, sulfur content, and distillation range. Additionally, the crude oil sample is analyzed for the presence of various contaminants such as water, sediment, and other impurities.
The results of crude oil assays are used to classify crude oil into different grades, which are based on the oil’s physical and chemical properties. The American Petroleum Institute (API) has developed a system for grading crude oil based on its specific gravity, which ranges from light to heavy. Light crude oil is characterized by a low density and high API gravity, while heavy crude oil has a high density and low API gravity.
The information obtained from a crude oil assay is essential for the refining process. Refineries use this information to determine the optimal processing conditions for a given crude oil. For example, the distillation range of crude oil is used to determine the temperature at which different components of the oil are separated during distillation. The sulfur content of crude oil is important because it affects the environmental impact of the refining process.
Crude oil assays are also used in the trading of crude oil. Buyers and sellers of crude oil use the information obtained from an assay to determine the value of the crude oil. For example, a high-quality, low-sulfur crude oil is more valuable than a low-quality, high-sulfur crude oil.
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