Alternative Fuels and Biofuels

  
Vinod Kumar
Published :




  

Alternative Fuels and Biofuels

Alternative fuels and biofuels are renewable energy sources derived from living or recently living biological organisms. These fuels contain more than 80% renewable material and are used to provide electricity or heat, either as a standalone fuel or as a supplement. Examples of liquid biofuels include ethanol, biodiesel, vegetable oil, algae oil, and pyrolysis oil. Biogas is usually methane gas derived from manure, sludge, solid waste, or other biomass, while solid biofuels include wood, dried manure, charcoal, and biomass pellets. 

The testing procedures used to evaluate alternative fuels and biofuels involve examining the carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content, moisture and volatiles, potential Btu content, and for chlorine, fluorine, and any regulated metals in the combustion residue, including zinc, calcium, iron, chromium, cadmium, and lead. Tire-Derived Fuel (TDF) is another type of biofuel consisting of rubber chips ranging from 1 to 4 inches in size, with an energy content of about 30 MBtu/ton. This fuel, when used in co-fired boilers with wood, coal, or sludge, or as a supplement to an existing fuel, is a competitively priced fuel source. Tests for TDF follow similar procedures to those for coal, concentrating on the hydrocarbon content, heating value, moisture and volatility, and potential contaminants in the fuel and in the ash.

Video 01: Solid biofuel testing


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