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Performance Testing Method Performance testing is a non-functional software testing method that evaluates an application’s stability, speed, scalability, and responsiveness under stress. It measures metrics such as application output, processing speed, data transfer velocity, network bandwidth usage, maximum concurrent users, memory utilization, workload efficiency, and command response times. The main reasons for performance testing include...
Importance of Residual Solvent Testing Solvents are crucial in various industries, including manufacturing, cleaning, and pharmaceuticals. However, leftover solvents can pose health risks and compromise product quality and safety. Residual solvent testing is a strategy to detect and eliminate these contaminants, ensuring the product’s safety and quality. Solvents, such as butane, ethanol, propane, hexane, and...
The usage of residual solvents during the production process may be the cause of their existence in a product, and they must be contained below allowable limits as per regulatory rules. Following are a few crucial elements of residual solvent testing: Testing Objectives: The main goals of residual solvent testing are to guarantee product safety...
For a number of reasons, including environmental monitoring, health and safety, product quality assurance, and regulatory compliance, heavy metals testing and analysis are crucial. Certain heavy metal exposures can be hazardous to both people and the environment. Therefore, precise metal detection and quantification are essential. The general procedure and several methods for testing and analyzing...
Heavy metal accumulation in the body can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and behavioral problems. Urine and blood samples are used to test for heavy metals, which can be found in the environment, living species, and air. Exposure to heavy metals can occur through industrial processes, diets, and living conditions. Tests are recommended...
What Are Heavy Metals? Heavy metals are a group of metallic elements with relatively high atomic mass and density that are toxic or hazardous to human health and environmental organisms at low concentrations. The most regulated heavy metals include lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr — particularly hexavalent Cr⁶⁺), antimony (Sb),...
Foreign material analysis is a technique used to identify impurities, precipitates, or foreign materials in products. It helps make products better by analyzing strange substances like foreign bodies, stains, and frosts to find sources of pollution or formulations that do not work well together. Infinita Lab offers foreign material analysis in accordance with ISO, ASTM,...
What Are Product-Related Impurities? Product-related impurities are molecular variants of the active drug substance that arise from degradation, modification, or alternative folding during manufacturing, purification, or storage. They differ from the target drug molecule in structure, potency, efficacy, or safety profile — and must be identified, characterized, and controlled to ensure that the final drug...
Definition of Failure Analysis Failure analysis is the systematic, scientific investigation of why a component, material, structure, or system failed to perform its intended function. It combines visual examination, non-destructive evaluation, mechanical testing, metallographic examination, chemical analysis, and fractographic investigation to identify the failure mechanism (how it failed) and root cause (why it failed) —...
Introduction to Thermal Analysis Thermal analysis encompasses a family of techniques that measure the physical and chemical properties of materials as a function of temperature. Among these, Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) are the most widely used for characterising polymers, pharmaceuticals, metals, ceramics, and composites across the plastics, materials science, and...
What Is Differential Thermal Analysis? Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) is a thermal analysis technique that measures the temperature difference between a test sample and an inert reference material as both are subjected to the same controlled heating or cooling program. When a sample undergoes a physical or chemical change — such as melting, crystallization, decomposition,...
What Is Dynamic Mechanical Analysis? Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a thermal characterisation technique that measures the mechanical response of a material as it is deformed under oscillatory stress across a range of temperatures and/or frequencies. DMA quantifies the storage modulus (E′, elastic/stiffness component), loss modulus (E″, viscous/damping component), and tan delta (δ = E″/E′,...
What Is Dynamic Mechanical Analysis? Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a thermal-mechanical analytical technique that measures the viscoelastic properties of materials as a function of temperature, frequency, and time. It applies a small oscillating (sinusoidal) mechanical force to a specimen while scanning temperature or time, measuring the resulting deformation. From the amplitude and phase relationships...
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is the most widely used thermal analysis technique, measuring heat flow into or out of a sample as a function of temperature or time. DSC reveals critical thermal transitions, including melting, crystallisation, glass transition, curing, and decomposition, providing essential data for the plastics, pharmaceutical, food, chemical, and semiconductor industries. For companies...
Differential Scanning Calorimeters (DSC) are thermal analysis instruments that measure the heat flow into or out of a material as a function of temperature or time. DSC is the most widely used thermal analysis technique, providing critical data on phase transitions, melting behavior, crystallization, glass transitions, cure kinetics, and thermal stability. These instruments are indispensable...
Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) measures dimensional changes in materials as a function of temperature, time, and applied force. TMA provides critical data on thermal expansion, softening temperatures, glass transition, and creep behaviour that is essential for design engineering, quality control, and failure analysis across the plastics, electronics, semiconductor, aerospace, and construction industries. For companies seeking TMA...
When materials are heated or cooled, they undergo dimensional changes, transitions between physical states, and alterations in mechanical behavior that can significantly affect their performance in end-use applications. Understanding these thermally induced changes is essential for materials selection, product design, and quality control. Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) is a thermal analysis technique that quantifies a material’s...
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is a thermal analysis technique that continuously measures the mass of a specimen as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature in a controlled atmosphere. Mass changes reveal decomposition temperatures, compositional information, moisture content, volatile release, and thermal stability—fundamental data for material characterization across the polymer, pharmaceutical, ceramic, food,...
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Introduction What is Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)? Understanding on Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is a thermal analysis technique that helps measure a sample’s mass as a function of time or temperature when the sample is treated in a specific temperature program in a controlled environment. For example, thermogravimetric analysis of polymers provides valuable quantitative...
Compression tests measure the load and displacement of a material under crushing pressure, determining its strength and allowing for the calculation of compressive stress and strain, which can be represented as a stress-strain diagram. The goal of compression testing is to ascertain how a material responds to a compressive load. This is essential when determining...
Introduction The standard test method ASTM D3164 assesses shear strength in adhesive bonds loaded in tension. The tensile load applied perpendicular to the bond line simulates the conditions under which shear stress commonly occurs. This test method has been extensively used in most industries that require structural integrity and performance, such as the aerospace and...
What Is Compression Testing? Compression testing is a mechanical test that applies a uniaxial compressive force to a specimen and measures the material’s response — strength, stiffness (compressive modulus), and deformation behaviour under compression loading. It is the direct counterpart to tensile testing and is essential for characterising materials that are used primarily in compression...
Materials’ responses to tension loads can be predicted with the help of tensile tests. The ultimate tensile strength of a material can be determined with a simple tensile test by pulling a sample until it breaks. Throughout the test, we keep track of both the force (F) being applied to the sample and its elongation...
There are few more fundamental mechanical tests than a tensile test on a product, component, or material. When a specimen is loaded in tension, it is subjected to forces that pull it apart and are applied to opposite faces along the same axis. These tests are easy to set up and carry out, and they...
TUBING, REBAR, WELDS, AND CASTINGS Along with Specimens and Fasteners tension testing of fasteners’ tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility can all be determined through destructive tensile testing. The tensile test is conducted by Infinita Lab in line with established norms and criteria, such as those set forth by the American Society for Testing and...
A destructive method used in engineering and materials science, tensile testing involves subjecting a sample to controlled tension until it fails completely. This method of mechanical testing is widely used. It is used to determine a material’s tensile strength and ultimate elongation. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, ductility, strain hardening behavior, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s...
What Is Shear Testing? Shear testing evaluates a material’s response to forces applied parallel to its cross-section — forces that cause one layer or portion of a material to slide relative to an adjacent layer. This is fundamentally different from tensile testing (forces perpendicular to the cross-section, pulling apart) or compressive testing (forces perpendicular to...
The Fundamentals of Peel Testing Peel testing is the experimental measurement of the force required to progressively separate two bonded materials — a flexible substrate from a rigid or semi-rigid backing — by applying a sustained pulling force at a defined angle. Unlike tensile pull-off or lap shear tests that apply a single concentrated force,...
What Is Peel Testing? Peel testing measures the force required to separate two bonded, laminated, or coated layers by peeling one from the other at a defined angle. It quantifies the adhesion strength at the interface between coating and substrate, adhesive and adherend, or laminate layers — providing a practical measure of bond quality that...
Why Impact Testing Is Critical Impact testing measures a material’s ability to absorb energy during rapid, dynamic fracture events—conditions that cannot be captured by slow, quasi-static tensile or hardness tests. Materials that appear strong and ductile in tensile tests can be brittle under impact loading, especially at low temperatures. Understanding this behaviour is essential for...
When it comes to gauging the durability of metal components, Charpy, IZOD, Instrumental, Drop-Weight, and Dynamic Tear Testing are just some of the impact testing that Infinita Lab is equipped to do. Toughness can be evaluated by impact tests. The capacity of a substance to absorb energy during plastic deformation is a measure of its...
KIC and JIC testing per ASTM E399 and E1820, respectively Evaluation of Fracture Toughness How well a material stops a crack from spreading under increasing force is measured by the Fracture Toughness Test. The test’s results on fracture toughness can be used to select appropriate materials and assess whether or not a newly discovered weakness...
Several standards, such as BS 7448 and ASTM E1820, govern the evaluation of fracture toughness (see also: Frequently Asked Questions: Is there a distinction between fracture toughness tests performed in accordance with BS 7448 and those performed in accordance with ASTM E1820? The Following are Typical Components of a Fracture Toughness Test: Results Verification: Several...
What Is a Fracture Test? A fracture test is a mechanical evaluation that characterises how a material fails under conditions that promote crack initiation and propagation. Unlike tensile testing — which measures the strength of a smooth, unnotched specimen — fracture tests incorporate a sharp pre-existing crack (or notch) to represent the worst-case stress concentration...
What Is Fatigue Testing? Fatigue testing evaluates a material’s resistance to failure under repeated, cyclic loading — stress fluctuations far below the material’s ultimate tensile strength. It is one of the most critical mechanical characterisation methods because approximately 80–90% of all mechanical failures in service are fatigue-related. The aerospace, automotive, structural engineering, and medical device...
What Is Fatigue Testing? Fatigue testing subjects a material or component to repeated cyclic loading to determine how many cycles it can sustain before cracking or fracturing. Unlike static strength tests that apply a single increasing load to failure, fatigue testing applies thousands to billions of oscillating load cycles at stress levels below the material’s...
Introduction to Fastener Testing Fastener testing is the comprehensive evaluation of bolts, nuts, screws, studs, rivets, pins, and anchoring hardware to verify their mechanical integrity, dimensional conformance, and material quality before use in structural, mechanical, or electrical assemblies. Fasteners are among the most safety-critical and volume-produced mechanical components in modern manufacturing — their failure can...
What Is Creep Testing? Creep testing measures the time-dependent deformation of a material subjected to a constant stress below its yield strength, typically at elevated temperature. Unlike instantaneous elastic or plastic deformation, creep occurs slowly over hours, months, or years and can lead to dimensional changes, loss of prestress, or eventual rupture without any increase...
What Is Creep? Creep is the time-dependent, progressive plastic deformation of a material under sustained constant stress, occurring at temperatures above approximately 30–40% of the material’s absolute melting temperature (0.3–0.4 Tm). Unlike instantaneous elastic or plastic deformation, creep accumulates continuously over time — even at stresses below the material’s yield strength — causing components to...
What Is a Bend Test? A bend test is a mechanical test that evaluates a material’s ductility and resistance to fracture by bending a specimen over a defined mandrel or plunger to a specified angle — typically 90°, 120°, or 180° — without cracking or fracturing. It provides a practical assessment of a material’s ability...
Bend Testing The test’s simplicity in terms of both the test piece and the equipment means it is frequently used as a quality control test for butt-welded joints. There is no need for costly testing equipment; test specimens may be simply prepared, and the test can be performed on the manufacturing floor if necessary as...
What Is Abrasive Wear? Abrasive wear is the progressive removal of material from a surface caused by the mechanical action of hard particles or asperities cutting, scratching, or plowing across it. It is one of the most common and economically significant wear mechanisms — responsible for the majority of material degradation in earthmoving equipment, mining...
The surface of a material is where most of its critical interactions with the environment occur. Corrosion, adhesion, friction, catalytic activity, electrical contact resistance, wettability, and biological compatibility are all determined primarily by what is happening at and within a few atomic layers of the surface. Yet the surface — often just a few nanometers...
Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS or SEM-EDS) combines high-resolution surface imaging with elemental chemical analysis in a single powerful instrument. SEM provides magnifications from 10x to over 300,000x with nanometer-scale resolution, while EDS identifies and quantifies the elemental composition of features observed in the SEM image. This dual capability makes SEM/EDS...
Optical microscopy (light microscopy) remains the most widely used and accessible microscopy technique for material characterization, providing essential information about microstructure, surface condition, coating thickness, particle size, and defect morphology at magnifications from 5x to 2,000x. Despite the availability of electron microscopy, optical microscopy is the first-line examination tool in metallurgical laboratories, quality control facilities,...
Sulphide stress cracking (SSC) is a form of hydrogen embrittlement that occurs in high-strength metals exposed to aqueous environments containing hydrogen sulphide (H₂S)—commonly encountered in oil and gas production, refining, and petrochemical processing. SSC causes sudden, brittle fracture at stress levels well below the material’s yield strength, making it one of the most dangerous corrosion-related...
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is caused by a convoluted chain reaction of corrosion and cracking. It has been demonstrated that fine pitting is necessary to initiate the activity in some materials. After that, corrosion and mechanical cracking alternate until the material finally breaks. Hydrogen-induced SCC can occur in a variety of aqueous media on transformable...
Introduction The salt spray test is a typical method of assessing materials’ corrosion resistance, especially metals and their coatings. Metal components are nearly everywhere in today’s manufacturing, so it is essential to ensure their durability, especially from corrosion. The salt spray test is one of the dependable methods of material corrosion assessment. In this article,...
Understanding the corrosion challenges and the susceptibility of a material can help foresee issues before they emerge, particularly pitting and crevice corrosion, which can be difficult to detect and predict. Energy, Aerospace, Infrastructure, Environmental, and Industrials manufacturers can all benefit from Infinita lab pitting and corrosion testing services for their metal and alloy products. Corrosion...
Understanding and mitigating corrosion is important for ensuring the robustness and dependability of metals. Corrosion can take many distinct forms. Because intergranular corrosion erodes metal from the inside, it is very tricky. It often leaves the external appearance seemingly intact. This introduction explores the testing procedures for intergranular corrosion and explores the phenomena itself. It...
The screening of a material’s corrosion resistance can be done effectively using the Intergranular Corrosion Testing (IGC) or Intergranular Attack (IGA) test. We can give vital information regarding the corrosion resistance of metals to prevent failures in the field using a range of methodologies, such as ASTM A 262, ASTM G28, and ASTM 763. The...
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) testing by Infinita Lab examines a material’s ductility after being subjected to tensile stress due to the absorption of hydrogen and so provides insight into the material’s performance in a corrosive environment. The ASTM F519 standard allows for testing in numerous sectors, such as the energy, aerospace, and automotive industries. When metals...
As a world-leading testing partner for the Energy, Aerospace and Petrochemical industries, Infinita Lab performs HPHT (high pressure, high temperature) testing, also known as autoclave testing, for many applications including metals, alloys, polymers, composites and coatings. Qualifying and assessing materials that can perform under extreme conditions for decades of useful service is a high priority...
What Is Galvanic Corrosion? Galvanic corrosion is an electrochemical process that occurs when two dissimilar metals are in electrical contact in the presence of an electrolyte (such as water, moisture, seawater, or body fluids). The metal higher in the galvanic series (more active, or anodic) corrodes preferentially, while the less active (cathodic) metal is protected....
What Is Electrochemical Corrosion Testing? Electrochemical corrosion testing uses controlled electrical measurements to characterize the corrosion behavior of metals and alloys in aqueous or other electrolytic environments. By measuring electrode potentials, current densities, and impedance responses, electrochemical techniques provide quantitative information about corrosion rate, mechanism, passivation behavior, pitting susceptibility, and coating integrity—often in hours or...
What Is Electrochemical Testing? Electrochemical testing encompasses a family of analytical techniques that measure the electrical and chemical behavior of materials, coatings, and solutions through controlled electrochemical reactions. These methods probe corrosion resistance, coating integrity, battery performance, semiconductor electrochemistry, and the kinetics of oxidation and reduction reactions — providing quantitative data that is unachievable through...
What Is Electrochemical Corrosion Testing? Electrochemical corrosion testing uses controlled electrical measurements — applied potential, measured current, and impedance — to characterise the corrosion behaviour of metallic materials in aqueous environments. Unlike purely observational methods such as salt spray testing (which provides pass/fail results after weeks or months), electrochemical techniques provide quantitative corrosion rate data,...
Among all forms of metallic corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion are among the most dangerous — not because they consume metal rapidly in absolute terms, but because they attack selectively and insidiously, concentrating degradation in small areas where the consequences are disproportionately severe. A pinhole pit that perforates a pressure vessel wall or a crevice...
Corrosion inhibitor testing is a critical step in determining how well chemicals work to stop or slow down corrosion in many types of materials, including metals and alloys. Corrosion is the progressive breakdown of materials caused by chemical interactions with their environment. Corrosion inhibitors are chemical compounds created to lessen the damaging effects of corrosion....
Introduction X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is a technique used for the structural characterization of crystalline materials. It identifies unknown materials and understands their crystal structures. X-rays generated by an X-ray tube are directed onto a sample using Bragg’s Law, where n, λ, d, and θ are the order of diffraction, and if these angles fulfill...
Introduction X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is a non-destructive analytical technique applied to execute analyses for materials’ crystallographic structures, composition, and physical properties. It works based on the properties of a combination of X-rays with the material utilizing the crystalline material to obtain values of the lattice parameters, crystal size, strain, and molecular structures. Its diversified utility...
Grain Flow Testing and Analysis The grain flow test and analysis is a crucial quality control and inspection process in metallurgy and manufacturing, especially in industries like aerospace, automotive, and heavy machinery. It assesses the alignment and deformation of grains within a metal material to ensure its structural integrity. The test procedure involves taking a...
What Is Porosity and Why Does It Matter in Material Testing? Porosity refers to the presence of voids, pores, or empty spaces within a material’s structure. While some level of porosity is inherent in certain materials, excessive or uncontrolled porosity directly compromises mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, thermal performance, and service life. In manufacturing-critical industries such...
Ferrite Testing Tolerance tests on materials Technicians will perform such a test on stainless steel to ensure its strength, corrosion resistance, and crack resistance in a variety of applications. According to their intended use, various grades of stainless steel call for varying amounts of ferrite. Numerous sectors make use of ferrite testing. The chemical, mining,...
Ferrite content measurement is a critical quality control parameter for stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, and weld metals, where the balance between ferrite and austenite phases directly affects mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and structural integrity. Ferrite testing serves the oil and gas, chemical processing, nuclear, construction, and food processing industries. For manufacturers seeking ferrite testing...
What Is a Coating Thickness Gauge? A coating thickness gauge (also called a dry film thickness gauge, paint thickness gauge, or coating thickness meter) is an instrument that measures the thickness of coating films — paint, lacquer, plating, thermal spray, powder coating, anodising — on substrate surfaces without removing or damaging the coating. Coating thickness...
Surface hardening — the deliberate creation of a hard, wear-resistant surface layer over a tougher, more ductile core — is one of the most widely applied heat treatment strategies in the metals & manufacturing industry. Gears, shafts, camshafts, bearings, and cutting tools all benefit from surface-hardened microstructures that resist contact fatigue, wear, and surface damage...
What Is Chemical Analysis? Chemical analysis is the systematic process of identifying the elemental, molecular, and structural composition of materials and determining the concentration of specific components in a sample. It is the foundational discipline that underlies quality control, safety assurance, regulatory compliance, failure investigation, and process optimisation across every chemistry-intensive industry. Chemical analysis encompasses...
What Is Elemental Analysis? Elemental analysis is the determination of the types and quantities of chemical elements present in a material sample — providing the fundamental chemical composition that underpins material identification, quality control, regulatory compliance, and failure investigation. From verifying alloy chemistry in steel production to detecting trace heavy metals in environmental water samples,...
The concepts of nuclei and magnetic fields – how the combination of the two produces fascinating physical phenomena – Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). With wide-ranging applications in various fields continue to dazzle the world of science and technology. For technologists whose work revolves around these, obtaining trusted test results every time is non-negotiable. Basis of...
Raman spectroscopy is one of the most versatile and information-rich analytical techniques available to materials scientists, chemists, and quality engineers. By interrogating molecular vibrations through light scattering — rather than absorption — Raman spectroscopy provides a molecular fingerprint of a material that reveals its chemical identity, structure, bonding, phase, and even physical state. From semiconductor...
What Is Mass Spectrometry? Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions derived from a sample — providing molecular mass, structural information, elemental composition, and quantitative concentration data for a vast range of chemical species. It is one of the most powerful and sensitive analytical tools available, capable...
Ultraviolet radiation is one of the most destructive environmental agents for polymer materials. Plastics, coatings, rubber, adhesives, and fiber-reinforced composites that are exposed to sunlight gradually degrade — losing mechanical strength, color, optical clarity, and surface integrity. UV testing enables engineers and material developers to quantify this degradation in the laboratory, compressing years of outdoor...
Simply put, what does “FTIR” stand for? Organic, polymeric, and even inorganic substances can be identified with the help of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (also known as FTIR Analysis or FTIR Spectroscopy). To examine chemical characteristics, the FTIR method uses infrared light to scan test samples. Why is FTIR so effective? Some of the infrared...
What Is X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy? X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) — also known as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) — is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that irradiates a material’s surface with X-rays and measures the kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from the top 1–10 nm of the surface. The binding energies calculated from photoelectron kinetic...
XPS Spectroscopy Introduction Electron Spectroscopy in Chemical Analysis (ESCA) is another name for X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS Spectroscopy). Quantitative atomic composition and chemical composition can be determined with the help of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. It samples from the surface to a depth of 50-100 and is hence a surface analysis approach. Sputter depth profiling is...
A Definition of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Regular, disruptive chemical examinations of rocks, minerals, sediments, and fluids are performed with the help of an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. It uses the same sort of wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy as an electron microprobe (EPMA) to do its work. However, an XRF is often employed for bulk investigations of larger...
What Is Inductively Coupled Plasma? Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is an analytical technique that uses a high-temperature plasma—generated by inductively coupling radiofrequency energy into an argon gas stream—to atomise, ionise, and excite elements in a sample. The resulting emission of characteristic light (ICP-OES) or mass spectrum of ions (ICP-MS) is measured to identify and quantify...
What Is Physicochemical Analysis? Physicochemical analysis is the systematic measurement of the physical and chemical properties of materials — characterising how physical attributes (size, density, viscosity, solubility, surface area, thermal behaviour) and chemical composition (molecular structure, functional groups, elemental content, purity) interact to determine material performance and behaviour. It bridges purely physical characterisation (dimensions, weight)...
What Is Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)? Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) — also known as Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) — is the primary analytical technique for determining the molecular weight distribution of polymers. It separates polymer chains by their hydrodynamic volume in solution, using porous column packing material through which smaller molecules penetrate more deeply (longer...
Molecular weight is one of the most fundamental properties of polymeric materials, directly influencing mechanical strength, melt viscosity, processability, and end-use performance. Molecular weight analysis provides essential data for polymer development, quality control, incoming material inspection, and failure analysis across the plastics, pharmaceutical, chemical, and packaging industries. For companies seeking molecular weight analysis at a...
Syngas, mostly consisting of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen (N), are produced when used polymers are gasified. This gas has multiple applications, including energy generation and hydrocarbon synthesis. State of Technology Mixed-waste gasification has been in use for some time. Compared to pyrolysis facilities, gasification plants are normally...
Quality Circular Polymers (QCP) is a premium mechanical plastics recycling firm in the Netherlands, owned equally by LyondellBasell (a prominent plastics, chemicals, and refining corporation) and SUEZ (a global leader in resource management). Pilot amounts of pyrolysis oil made from plastic goods trash supplied by Remondis, a renowned European waste management firm, were employed in...
Bacteria that Feast on Polystyrene The Alliance for Foam Packaging Plastic Recycling estimates that only approximately 12% of polystyrene is recycled due to the fact that the industry counts EPS manufacturing trash as part of that figure. In many cases, the cost and effort involved in recycling materials are greater than the cost and effort...
Introduction Plastic is versatile and lightweight yet strongly valued for nearly all purposes. Such strength and affordability encourage its use in packaging, medical products, automotive parts, and consumer goods. Nonetheless, the benefits of plastic significantly contribute to its environmental problems. Unless disposed of properly, it pollutes and harms ecosystems along with wildlife. Recycling plastic can...
Despite accomplishing only 0.2% of its goals, the Alliance to Reduce Plastic Waste supports its previous efforts.
Chemical recycling explained Chemical recycling is a method for repurposing plastic scraps into useful byproducts that can promote the circular economy. Plastics originate from oil or petroleum and are created through a polymerization process, with major polymer substances like PET, HDPE, LDPE, PVC, PP, and PS being common Although the idea of using plastic may...
Chemical recycling has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing the global plastic waste crisis, enabling the conversion of contaminated, mixed, and multi-layer plastic waste streams into virgin-quality raw materials. Unlike mechanical recycling, which is limited to clean, single-resin streams and progressively degrades polymer properties, chemical recycling breaks down plastics at the molecular level—returning them...
Plastic film—including stretch wrap, shrink film, shopping bags, agricultural mulch, and food packaging—represents one of the largest categories of plastic waste by volume, yet one of the most challenging to recycle effectively. As sustainability pressures mount across the packaging, agriculture, and consumer goods industries, understanding the recyclability, testing requirements, and processing challenges of plastic films...
Polylactic acid (PLA) is the most widely used biobased and compostable plastic, produced from renewable resources such as corn starch and sugarcane. As PLA production grows for packaging, 3D printing, food service, and textile fiber applications, developing effective recycling infrastructure is increasingly important. Material testing validates the quality of recycled PLA and helps overcome technical...
Low-density Polyethylene Plastic (LDPE) Low-density polyethene (LDPE) plastic is a versatile material used in everyday items like shrink wrap, produce bags and squeeze-top ketchup bottles. Its resistance to oil and chemicals, flexibility, and transparency make it a suitable choice for various applications. Low-density polyethene (LDPE) plastic is another common type of plastic that may be...
How is LDPE Film Recycled Once It Has Been Used for Secondary Packaging? LDPE film is a popular PE that can be easily recycled after being used for secondary packaging. High-density polyethene (HDPE) and low-density polyethene (LDPE) film, along with coloured or printed film, must be separated before recycling. Low-density polyethene (#4 plastic) is used...
Recycling of High-Density Polyethylene High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a versatile plastic polymer with a specific gravity of 0.95, making it suitable for various applications. Its low density and great tensile strength make it an ideal material for containers holding liquids. HDPE cannot be autoclaved like polypropylene (PP), but it can be sterilized in autoclaving settings....
Polystyrene (PS) is widely used in packaging, food service, insulation, and consumer products, but its recycling remains challenging due to contamination, low collection rates, and the economics of processing lightweight foam. Advances in mechanical and chemical recycling technologies are improving the recyclability of PS. Material testing validates the quality of recycled PS for reuse applications....
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widely recycled plastic worldwide, with established collection and processing infrastructure driven by beverage bottle deposit systems and curbside recycling programs. PET’s recyclability is a key sustainability advantage for the packaging industry, and material testing ensures that recycled PET (rPET) meets the quality standards required for food-contact and other demanding...
Plastic Recycling Plastic recycling is crucial for environmental protection and waste management, as it helps preserve oil and reduce landfill space. SL Recycling is committed to recycling materials like wood, metal, and food scraps, and its extensive program helps keep recyclable materials out of landfills. Most plastics are disposed of in unsustainable ways, making plastic...
Plastic Recycling Plastic recycling is a crucial step in the manufacturing process, as it involves collecting used plastics and reprocessing them into new, high-quality products. Over a trillion pounds of plastic are manufactured and consumed annually worldwide. Recycling plastic prevents waste and allows resources to be repurposed to create new goods. We are surrounded by...
Upcycling of Plastic Bottles Upcycling is the process of repurposing waste materials like plastic or paper into useful products. Recyclops offers a list of seven creative ways to upcycle plastic bottles in your home. Exactly what is meant by the term “upcycling?” Upcycling is the practice of repurposing waste materials, such as plastic or paper,...
Thermoplastics are polymers that soften when heated and solidify when cooled, allowing them to be repeatedly reshaped through injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, and thermoforming. This processability, combined with a wide range of mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, makes thermoplastics indispensable across the packaging, automotive, medical devices, electronics, and construction industries. For manufacturers seeking thermoplastic...
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high-performance semi-crystalline thermoplastic that has become the material of choice for demanding applications in the aerospace, medical devices, automotive, oil and gas, and semiconductor industries. Its exceptional combination of mechanical strength, chemical resistance, thermal stability (continuous use up to 260°C), and biocompatibility sets it apart from all other engineering polymers. Understanding...
ASTM E572 test method covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (WDXRF). It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality.
The ASTM D2674 test is a standard test method for the analysis of sulfochromate etch solutions used in the surface preparation of aluminum. The ASTM D2674 standard specifies a method for determining the efficacy of an etchant used to prepare the surface of aluminum alloys for subsequent adhesive bonding.
An immunological method for quantization of Hevea Natural Rubber (HNRL) proteins using rabbit anti-HNRL serum. Rabbits immunized with HNRL proteins react to the majority of the proteins present, and their sera have the capability to detect most if not all the proteins in HNRL.
ASTM G65 measures the resistance of metallic materials to abrasion using the dry sand/rubber wheel apparatus. The quality, durability, and toughness of the sample are determined using this test. Metallic materials are ranked in their resistance to scratching abrasion under a controlled environment.
ASTM E2141 test methods provide accelerated aging and monitoring of the performance of time-dependent electrochromic devices (ECD) integrated in insulating glass units (IGU). This test helps to understand the relative serviceability of electrochromic glazings applied on ECD.
ASTM C724 test method is used in analyzing the quality and ease of maintenance of a ceramic decoration on architectural-type glass. This test method is useful in the acknowledgment of technical standards.
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