ASTM D1822 Tensile-Impact Energy test
The energy needed to break samples of plastic or electrically insulating material is determined by the ASTM D1822 test method. Two types of samples are used: Long (L) and Short (S). The tensile impact energy is determined as a scale reading.
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- Overview
- Scope, Applications, and Benefits
- Test Process
- Specifications
- Instrumentation
- Results and Deliverables
Overview
ASTM D1822 describes the standard method of determining the resistance of plastics to breakage under tensile-impact load. Briefly, it evaluates a material’s toughness by determining the energy required to drive a specimen to complete fracture under shock- or impact-simulating conditions.
This test method provides a quantitative measure of resistance to impact and mode of failure of rigid and semi-rigid plastics under specific conditions of specimen geometry and impact velocity. Such rapid loading often leads to deformation modes that may not be captured by conventional, slowly applied static tensile tests.
Scope, Applications, and Benefits
Scope
ASTM D1822 outlines procedures for measuring the tensile-impact resistance of plastics under high-strain-rate conditions.
It evaluates:
- Tensile-impact energy absorption
- Dynamic tensile toughness
- Crack initiation and propagation under impact loading
- Failure behavior at high loading rates
The method applies to rigid and semi-rigid plastic materials that can be molded or machined into standardized test specimens.
Applications
- Automotive components and interior parts
- Packaging films and containers
- Electrical and electronic housings
- Household and consumer products
- Safety-critical plastic components
- Material comparison and quality control testing
Benefits
- Quantifies resistance to sudden tensile failure
- Assesses material toughness under impact conditions
- Supports material selection for impact-sensitive applications
- Enables comparison of plastics under standardized conditions
- Improves product safety and reliability
- Enhances quality assurance and performance consistency
Test Process
Specimen Preparation
Type S (short) or Type L (long) specimens are molded or machined and conditioned at standard laboratory temperature and humidity.
1Specimen Mounting
The specimen is securely mounted in a tensile-impact testing machine to ensure proper alignment.
2Tensile-Impact Loading
A pendulum or striker applies a rapid tensile load, pulling the specimen until complete fracture occurs.
3Energy Measurement
The energy absorbed during fracture is measured directly from the instrument and recorded as tensile-impact energy.
4Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Applicable Materials | Rigid and semi-rigid plastics |
| Specimen Types | Type S (short) and Type L (long) |
| Conditioning | Standard laboratory temperature and humidity |
| Measured Outputs | Tensile-impact energy (Joules or ft-lb) |
Instrumentation Used for Testing
- Tensile-impact testing machine with pendulum or striker
- Specimen gripping and alignment fixtures
- Energy measurement and display system
- Conditioning chamber for temperature control
- Data acquisition and analysis software
Results and Deliverables
- Tensile-impact energy values for tested plastics
- Comparative toughness and impact resistance data
- Assessment of brittleness-to-toughness behavior
- Data supporting material selection and product design
- Quality control documentation and test reports
- Performance evaluation under sudden tensile loading conditions
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It evaluates the impact resistance of plastic films by determining the energy required to cause failure when struck by a falling dart.
Flexible plastic films and sheeting, typically up to 1 mm thickness, used in packaging and industrial applications.
Method A uses a 38 mm dart dropped from 660 mm height; Method B uses a 50 mm dart from 1500 mm height, depending on film strength.
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