Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Introduction

What is Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)?

Understanding on Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is a thermal analysis technique that helps measure a sample’s mass as a function of time or temperature when the sample is treated in a specific temperature program in a controlled environment. For example, thermogravimetric analysis of polymers provides valuable quantitative data on a material’s physical and chemical characteristics, such as dehydration, breakdown, oxidation, and reduction.

Types of Thermogravimetric Analysis

There are three variants: dynamic Thermogravimetric Analysis, static Thermogravimetric Analysis, and quasistatic Thermogravimetric Analysis. Dynamic TGA involves the temperature rising while mass data is collected, while static TGA measures mass at a fixed temperature. Quasistatic TGA involves heating and stabilizing the sample until its mass stabilizes.

Thermogravimetric Analysis Instrumentation

The instrumentation of Thermo gravimetric analysis includes various components that help in the overall process of detecting weight loss.

• Microbalance: the highly sensitive microbalance measures the weight loss percentage due to temperature changes.
• Holder: The sample is placed in a crucible made of materials resistant to high temperatures, such as platinum and quartz.
• Furnace: It is responsible for the temperature change of a sample at a controlled rate.
• Gas Manager: TGA equipment frequently employs a controlled atmosphere, inert (like nitrogen or argon) or reactive (like oxygen), to imitate diverse environmental conditions throughout the study.
• Software Analysis: Both the new and conventional TGA instruments contain a variety of software that enable the study of real-time data. These software programs are also useful for interpreting results such as decomposition steps, kinetic parameters, and residue.

Working Principle of TGA

Thermogravimetric Analysis is a metrology testing method used to weigh the mass of a sample as it is heated in a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere. It involves removing gaseous byproducts and monitoring the resulting changes in the sample’s mass. 

Strengths and Limitations of TGA

The following are some of the strengths and limitations of TGA:

Applications of TGA & Industries Employed

The following are some of the applications & industries employed in thermogravimetric analysis:

Conclusion

Understanding on Thermogravimetric Analysis is essential for designing materials that survive high temperatures, as devices produced from the material may break down after extended usage. Additionally, derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) can enhance the interpretation of weight loss events by providing the rate of mass change as a function of temperature. Thermogravimetric Analysis equipment can also be modified to include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to track possible phase transitions. Furthermore, explore ASTM E1131 and ISO 11358 for detailed guidelines on Thermogravimetric Analysis.

FAQs on Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)