Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test ASTM D3359

Scope:
ASTM D3359 is a quality test method for measuring the adhesive properties of materials using a tape test. This test evaluates the adhesiveness of film coatings to metallic overlaying by applying and detaching tape over incisions made in the film. The tapes used in the test are pressure sensitive. ASTM D3359 is mainly used in the coating industry as it permits estimation of quantity in the adhesion of the coating which undergoes testing. The macroscopic nature of this method allows regulating the complete coating procedure right from preparing the surface to curing. Although this test has wide use, it is more quality-based than quantity-based. The cross-Hatch test is another name for this test.

Test Procedure:
ASTM D3359 outlines two test methods – Method A (X-cut method), and Method B (Cross-cut method). Usually, method A is good for field testing and method B is useful in the laboratory. Method A describes that an incision “X” is made through the film and a standard pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is applied over it and then removed. The adhesion is calculated on a 0 to 5 scale.
Method B describes that a transverse lattice pattern with either six or eleven incisions in each orientation is devised through the film and a standard pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is applied over it and then removed. The adhesion is then calculated by comparison with specifications and illustrations. The adhesion is calculated on a 0 to 5 scale.
For both methods, a hard metal template is prescribed to ensure straight incisions and the correct angle at the intersection (30 to 45°, for X cut).

Specimen size:
Test Method A is typically used on coating systems over 125 µm, while Method B is generally used on coatings systems less than 125 µm thick. 

Data:
Cohesive separation occurs within a coating layer. Adhesive separation occurs between coating layers or between the coating and the substrate. Adhesion ratings of 4 and 5 are considered good,  adhesion values of 2 and 3 are considered marginal. Adhesion values of 0 and 1 are considered poor.

Conclusion:
Adhesive properties of the materials used in coating industries are tested by using ASTM D3359 test method. Their applications are specified based on their quality and performance evaluation. The desirable changes are brought about to ensure the efficient coating.