ASTM D2343 – Reinforced Plastics Testing Tensile Properties

The determination of the comparative tensile properties of glass fiber strands, skeins, and filaments is covered by the ASTM D 2343 Standard Test Method. When evaluated under specific pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and tension testing machine speed conditions, rovings in the form of impregnated rod test specimens are used. Glass fiber materials in continuous filament that have been treated with a resin-compatible sizing are suitable for this test procedure.

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ASTM D2343 – Reinforced Plastics Testing Tensile Properties

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Overview
Scope, Applications, and Benefits
Test Process
Specifications
Instrumentation
Results and Deliverables

Overview

ASTM D2343 is a standardised test method that is employed to determine the tensile strength and modulus of glass fibre-reinforced plastics. This test method assesses the compatibility of resin systems with glass fibre reinforcements.

This test method is very important for the comparison of reinforced plastic materials in controlled conditions. This test method offers a standardised approach to the evaluation of tensile properties of resin-impregnated glass fibre yarns, strands, and rovings.

Scope, Applications, and Benefits

Scope

ASTM D2343 applies to glass fibre-reinforced plastics, including reinforced thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics, as well as glass fibre yarns, strands, and rovings that are resin-impregnated. It may also apply to carbon-reinforced plastics if appropriate.

The test evaluates the following:

– Tensile strength
– Modulus of elasticity
– Breaking load
– Resin/glass compatibility

Applications

Boat hulls and marine structures
Pipes and pressure vessels
Automotive components
Aerospace components
Sports equipment
Wind turbine blades
Electrical insulators
Brake pads
Electrical connectors and circuit boards

Benefits

Ensures resin and glass fibre compatibility
Prevents premature material failure
Provides accurate tensile strength data
Supports material selection and comparison
Improves composite design optimisation
Enhances production quality control
Ensures repeatable and reliable testing
Supports engineering decision-making

Test Process

Impregnation & Specimen Preparation

Impregnate glass fiber skeins with resin under controlled ratio, alignment, winding tension, and curing conditions.

Specimen Mounting

Align and mount cured specimens in the tensile testing machine for uniform loading.

Tensile Loading & Measurement

Apply controlled tensile force until failure; record breaking load and elongation.

Data Analysis

Calculate tensile strength and modulus; average results from at least five specimens.

Technical Specifications

Parameter	Details
Applicable Materials	Glass fibre reinforced thermoplastics and thermosets
Specimen Type	Resin-impregnated yarns, strands, rovings
Key Controlled Variables	Resin content, gage length, grip type, testing speed, curing conditions
Typical Resin-to-Glass Ratio	Approximately 70% (controlled)
Measured Properties	Tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, breaking load
Output Units	MPa or psi (strength), GPa (modulus)

Instrumentation Used for Testing

Universal testing machine (UTM)
Precision grips and fixtures
Resin impregnation bath
Winding fixture
Curing oven
Analytical balance
Extensometer (if required)
Data acquisition and analysis software

Results and Deliverables

Ultimate tensile strength values
Modulus of elasticity calculations
Breaking load measurements
Average results from multiple specimens
Material comparison data
Resin compatibility assessment

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM D2343 is a standard test method for determining the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation of glass fiber strands, yarns, and rovings used as reinforcement in composite materials.

The method applies to glass fiber reinforcements, including continuous filament strands, yarns, and rovings intended for use in reinforced plastic and composite manufacturing applications.

Tensile testing ensures consistent mechanical performance of reinforcing fibers, directly influencing the strength, stiffness, and reliability of finished composite products.

The test measures tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus by subjecting fiber specimens to uniaxial tensile loading until failure.

Results depend on fiber diameter, surface treatment (sizing), specimen preparation, alignment, gauge length, environmental conditions, and loading rate during testing.