ASTM E143-20 is used to determine the shear modulus of structural materials. This test is limited to materials in which creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. The standard values are stated in SI units.

ASTM E143-20 is used to determine the shear modulus of structural materials. This test is limited to materials in which creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. The standard values are stated in SI units.
Scope:
ASTM E143-20 is used to calculate the shear modulus, which determines whether a structural material complies with torsion (torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque). Shear modulus is used in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.
This test is for materials that follow linear elastic stress-strain behavior. The structural material must follow Hooke’s law, meaning the angle of twist should be proportional to the applied torque.
For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus can be used to calculate the discontinuity between stress and strain. However, this is outside the scope of this standard.
Elastic properties such as Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio are not usually determined and are generally not specified in materials specifications.
Test Procedure:
The dimensions of the test specimen are measured. The cylindrical or the tubular test specimen is aligned and loaded on the fixture that holds the specimen. An external torque is applied to the specimen, which twists the gage length (the part of the specimen which changes during the test.)
The applied torque and the corresponding changes in the angle of twist are mapped out on a stress-strain curve. The appropriate slope is then calculated from the shear stress-strain curve. The slope could be derived under conditions of either increasing or decreasing torque.
Specimen size:
Data:
Shear modulus for the circular specimen is calculated by:
G=TL/Jθ
G = shear modulus of the specimen,
T = torque,
L = gauge length,
J = polar moment of inertia of the section about its center, and
θ = angle of twist, in radians.
For a solid cylinder:
D = diameter.
For a tube:
D0 = outside diameter, and
Di = inside diameter.
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