ASTM D2843 Test for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics

Introduction

The standard test method is ASTM D2843 for measuring the smoke density generated upon burning or decomposition of plastics. Regarding fire safety, the density of fire smoke has a significant bearing since it influences visibility when the fire occurs and may spread toxic fumes, increasing property and human life hazards. This test method provides a standard test procedure for assessing the smoke characteristics of plastic materials. Therefore, manufacturers, safety engineers, and regulatory bodies can consider it an essential tool.

Scope

ASTM D2843 measures the relative amounts of smoke released when polymers burn or break down. During the test, the flame and smoke can be through the apparatus. This test compares the amount of smoke obscuration produced by various polymers and assesses the likelihood of plastic materials smoking when exposed to flames and active burning circumstances. Factors such as the quantity and form of material, humidity, temperature, and oxygen supply can affect the degree of smoke obscuration.

Test Procedure

To analyze the density of the smoke, turn on the photometer lamp, exit sign, and exhaust blower. Ignore the burner with propane at 276 kPa (40 psi) pressure, and adjust the lamp control to zero percent light absorption. Lay the test specimen flat on the screen, set the timer to zero, and start the timer. Turn off the exhaust blower, close the smoke chamber door, and place the burner under the specimen.

Record the percentage of light absorbed at 15-second intervals for 4 minutes. During the test, record the time it takes for the sample to burst into flame, the time for flame extinguishment or specimen consumption, the obscuration of the exit sign by smoke accumulation, and any general or unusual burning characteristics noted, such as melting, dripping, foaming, or charring. When the test is complete, turn on the exhaust blower to ventilate the combustion products from the chamber, and clean the photometer, exit sign, and door glass with detergent and water.

ASTM D2843 Specimen 

Data

The test results should include readings of light absorption at 15-second intervals for each test and the average, plots of average light absorption versus time, maximum smoke density in percent light absorption, area in percent under the light absorption-time curve, the behavior of material, and the degree of obscurement of the exit sign.

Application of ASTM D2843

In many industries where fire safety is a top priority, we extensively employ the ASTM D2843 test. So  of the critical applications include:

1. Automotive Industry: The plastics used in vehicle interiors, such as dashboards, seats, and trim, to minimize the risk of smoke inhalation and loss of visibility during a vehicle fire.
2. Aerospace: The aviation industry uses this test to assess how much smoke certain materials produce in airplane cabins, where smoke density can impact passenger evacuation in an emergency. 
3. Consumer Products: Manufacturers of consumer goods, such as electronics, appliances, and furniture, use the test to assess the fire safety of plastic components.

Conclusion

The smoke density test caused by the burning or decomposition of plastics, ASTM D2843, has become an indispensable tool in determining the smoke-emitting properties of plastic materials. By offering a standard smoke density analysis technique, this test assures manufacturers, safety engineers, and regulatory groups that plastic products will meet fire safety standards and carry less risk in a fire situation. We apply ASTM D2843 in various industries to make materials and products safer, significantly protecting life and property against fire.

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