Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Testing Services
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is a thermal analysis technique that measures the mass of a sample as a function of time or temperature when the sample is subjected to a controlled temperature program in a controlled environment. Quantitative data on a material's physical and chemical characteristics, such as dehydration, breakdown, oxidation, and reduction, are provided.
TRUSTED BY
- Overview
- Scope, Applications, and Benefits
- Test Process
- Specifications
- Instrumentation
- Results and Deliverables
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) – Overview
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) is a thermal characterization technique used to measure changes in a material’s mass as a function of temperature or time under a controlled atmosphere. It is widely used to evaluate thermal stability, composition, decomposition behavior, and moisture or volatile content in materials such as polymers, composites, chemicals, and inorganic substances.
The test is performed by continuously heating or cooling a sample while recording weight changes with high-precision microbalances. TGA helps in understanding degradation mechanisms, oxidation behavior, and material purity, making it essential for material development, quality control, and failure analysis in engineering and industrial applications.
Scope, Applications, and Benefits
Scope
TGA evaluates mass variation behavior of materials under controlled thermal conditions.
- Measures weight loss or gain with temperature/time
- Applicable to polymers, metals, ceramics, and composites
- Evaluates decomposition, oxidation, and volatilization behavior
- Determines moisture, ash, and filler content
- Supports thermal stability and composition analysis
- Used for quality control and material verification
- Assesses behavior under inert and oxidative atmospheres
Applications
- Polymer degradation and stability studies
- Composite material filler content analysis
- Pharmaceutical thermal stability evaluation
- Chemical composition and purity analysis
- Battery and energy material characterization
- Coating and resin performance evaluation
Benefits
- Determines accurate thermal stability limits
- Identifies material composition and impurities
- Supports product quality assurance
- Helps predict service life under heat exposure
- Improves formulation and material design
- Enables failure and degradation analysis
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) – Test Process
Sample Preparation
A small, representative sample is accurately weighed and placed in a high-sensitivity crucible.
1Instrument Calibration
The TGA system is calibrated using standard reference materials to ensure accurate mass measurement and temperature control.
2Controlled Heating
The sample is heated at a programmed rate under inert or oxidative atmosphere while continuous weight change is recorded.
3Data Interpretation
Mass loss curves are analyzed to determine decomposition stages, moisture content, and thermal stability behavior.
4Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) – Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Measurement Principle | Continuous mass change vs temperature/time analysis |
| Temperature Range | Ambient to 1000°C–1600°C depending on system |
| Mass Sensitivity | Up to 0.1 µg resolution |
| Sample Size | 1–50 mg typical |
| Heating Rate | 0.1 to 100°C/min programmable |
| Atmosphere Control | Nitrogen, air, oxygen, or inert gases |
| Data Output | Mass loss curve and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) profile |
Instrumentation Used for Testing
- Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA system)
- High-precision microbalance
- Controlled atmosphere furnace
- Gas flow control system
- Data acquisition and analysis software
- Sample crucibles (platinum/ceramic)
Results and Deliverables
- Thermogravimetric (TG) curve
- Derivative TG (DTG) curve
- Decomposition temperature profile
- Moisture and volatile content report
- Residue/ash content analysis
- Thermal stability certification report
Frequently Asked Questions
TGA is a thermal analysis technique that measures changes in a material’s mass as it is heated or cooled. It helps determine thermal stability, composition, and decomposition behavior under controlled atmospheric conditions.
It provides critical insights into how materials degrade, lose moisture, or decompose with temperature, which is essential for predicting performance, safety, and lifespan in real applications.
Moisture or physically absorbed volatiles are released at lower temperatures with gradual mass loss, whereas decomposition shows sharper, multi-step mass loss associated with chemical bond breakdown.
Higher heating rates shift decomposition peaks to higher temperatures due to thermal lag, while slower rates provide more accurate equilibrium-based transition data.
Because it directly reveals decomposition thresholds, stability limits, and compositional integrity, enabling accurate prediction of material behavior under prolonged thermal exposure.
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for Electron Energy Loss
Spectroscopy (EELS)?
At the core of this breadth is our network of 2,000+ accredited labs in the USA, offering access to over 10,000 test types. From advanced metrology (SEM, TEM, RBS, XPS) to mechanical, dielectric, environmental, and standardized ASTM/ISO testing, we give clients unmatched flexibility, specialization, and scale. You are not limited by geography, facility, or methodology – Infinita connects you to the right testing, every time.
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